Dubbo：dubbo 服务化最佳实践

由于上一篇文章直连方式中存在的问题，改造 dubbo 项目：这个也是直连方式，只是进行了分包

抽象分散在多个项目中的公共接口，实体类，异常，工具类到一个项目中，在其他项目 如服务提供者，消费者共用公共的资源。

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2.6.1 分包

建议将服务接口、服务模型、服务异常等均放在公共包中。 就是接口工程

2.6.2 粒度

服务接口尽可能大粒度，每个服务方法应代表一个功能，而不是某功能的一个步骤， 否则将面临分布式事务问题，Dubbo 暂未提供分布式事务支持。

服务接口建议以业务场景为单位划分，并对相近业务做抽象，防止接口数量爆炸。

不建议使用过于抽象的通用接口，如：Map query(Map)，这样的接口没有明确语义， 会给后期维护带来不便。

2.6.3 版本

每个接口都应定义版本号，为后续不兼容升级提供可能，如： 。 建议使用两位版本号，要变更服务版本。先升级一半提供者为新版本，再将消费者全 部升为新版本，然后将剩下的一半提供者升为新版本。

通过创建3个工程，进行分包

创建接口工程：

 创建User类：

package com.wkcto.dubbo.model;

import java.io.Serializable;

public class User implements Serializable {
    private Integer id;
    private String username;

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }
}

创建UserService接口：

package com.wkcto.dubbo.service;

import com.wkcto.dubbo.model.User;

public interface UserService {
    //根据用户标识获取用户信息
    User queryUserById(Integer id);

    //查询用户总人数
    Integer queryAllUserCount();
}

创建服务提供者：、

pom.xml：引入依赖：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.wkcto.dubbo</groupId>
  <artifactId>004-link-userservice-provider</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>war</packaging>

  <name>004-link-userservice-provider Maven Webapp</name>
  <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
  <url>http://www.example.com</url>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.11</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

    <!--spring依赖-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
      <version>4.3.16.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>4.3.16.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

    <!--dubbo依赖-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
      <artifactId>dubbo</artifactId>
      <version>2.6.2</version>
    </dependency>

    <!--接口工程-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.wkcto.dubbo</groupId>
      <artifactId>003-link-interface</artifactId>
      <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </dependency>

  </dependencies>

  <build>
    <!--编译级别：JDK1.8编译插件-->
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>3.1</version>
        <configuration>
          <source>1.8</source>
          <target>1.8</target>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>

</project>

创建UserServiceImpl：

package com.wkcto.dubbo.service.impl;

import com.wkcto.dubbo.model.User;
import com.wkcto.dubbo.service.UserService;

public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
    @Override
    public User queryUserById(Integer id) {
        User user=new User();
        user.setId(id);
        user.setUsername("zhangsan");
        return user;
    }

    @Override
    public Integer queryAllUserCount() {
        return 52;
    }
}

dubbo的核心配置文件：

dubbo-userservice-provider.xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dubbo="http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd">

    <!--声明dubbo服务提供者的名称：保证唯一性-->
    <dubbo:application name="004-link-userservice-provider"/>

    <!--设置dubbo使用的协议和端口号-->
    <!--
       name：dubbo使用协议的名称
       port：dubbo服务的端口号
    -->
    <dubbo:protocol name="dubbo" port="20880"/>

    <!--暴露服务接口-->
    <dubbo:service interface="com.wkcto.dubbo.service.UserService" ref="userService" registry="N/A"/>

    <!--加载业务接口的实现类到spring容器中-->
    <bean id="userService" class="com.wkcto.dubbo.service.impl.UserServiceImpl"/>
</beans>

web.xml:设置监听器、加载核心配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">

    <!--加载配置文件-->
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:dubbo-userservice-provider.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>

    <!--设置监听器-->
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>
</web-app>

配置tomcat：

创建服务消费者：

 pom.xml：引入依赖：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.wkcto.dubbo</groupId>
  <artifactId>005-link-consumer</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>war</packaging>

  <name>005-link-consumer Maven Webapp</name>
  <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
  <url>http://www.example.com</url>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.11</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

    <!--spring依赖-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
      <version>4.3.16.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>4.3.16.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

    <!--dubbo依赖-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
      <artifactId>dubbo</artifactId>
      <version>2.6.2</version>
    </dependency>

    <!--接口工程-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.wkcto.dubbo</groupId>
      <artifactId>003-link-interface</artifactId>
      <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </dependency>

  </dependencies>

  <build>
    <!--编译级别：JDK1.8编译插件-->
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>3.1</version>
        <configuration>
          <source>1.8</source>
          <target>1.8</target>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>

</project>

dubbo-link-consumer.xml核心配置文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dubbo="http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd">

    <!--声明服务消费者的名称：保证唯一性-->
    <dubbo:application name="002-link-consumer"/>
    <!--
        引用远程服务接口
        id：远程服务接口对象的名称
        interface：调用远程接口的全限定类名
        url：访问服务接口的地址  直连方式
        registry：不使用注册中心，值为N/A
    -->
    <dubbo:reference id="userService" interface="com.wkcto.dubbo.service.UserService" url="dubbo://localhost:20880" registry="N/A"/>

</beans>

spring配置文件：applicationContext.xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

    <!--扫描控制层 组件-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.wkcto.dubbo.web"/>

    <!--配置注解驱动-->
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>

    <!--视图解析器-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>

</beans>

web.xml:相关配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">

    <!--中央调度器-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <!--初始化参数-->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml,classpath:dubbo-consumer.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </servlet>

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <!--拦截所有请求-->
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

控制类UserController：

package com.wkcto.dubbo.web;

import com.wkcto.dubbo.model.User;
import com.wkcto.dubbo.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

@Controller
public class UserController {

    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;

    @RequestMapping(value = "/user")
    public String userDetil(Model model, Integer id){
        //根据用户标识获取用户详情
        User user=userService.queryUserById(id);

        //获取用户总人数
        Integer allUserConut=userService.queryAllUserCount();
        model.addAttribute("user",user);
        model.addAttribute("allUserCount",allUserConut);
        return "userDetail";
    }
}

userDetail.jsp页面：

<%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: DELL
  Date: 2022/7/14
  Time: 7:29
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%
    String path = request.getContextPath();
    String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://" + request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort() + path + "/";
%>
<html>
<head>
    <title>用户详情</title>
    <base href="<%=basePath%>">
</head>
<body>
  <h3>用户详情</h3>
  <div>用户标识：${user.id}</div>
  <div>用户姓名：${user.username}</div>
  <div>用户总人数：${allUserCount}</div>
</body>
</html>

配置tomcat：

一次启动服务器，之后再地址栏发起请求：