java中的深拷贝与浅拷贝

概念

浅拷贝（浅复制、浅克隆）：
被复制对象的所有变量都含有与原来的对象相同的值，而所有的对其他对象的引用仍然指向原来的对象。换言之，浅拷贝仅仅复制所拷贝的对象，而不复制它所引用的对象。
深拷贝（深复制、深克隆）：
被复制对象的所有变量都含有与原来的对象相同的值，除去那些引用其他对象的变量。那些引用其他对象的变量将指向被复制过的新对象，而不再是原有的那些被引用的对象。换言之，深拷贝把要复制的对象所引用的对象都复制了一遍

浅拷贝快速入门例子(不带对象属性)

public class Student {
	private int number;

	public int getNumber() {
		return number;
	}

	public void setNumber(int number) {
		this.number = number;
	}

	public static void main(String args[]) {
		Student stu1 = new Student();
		stu1.setNumber(12345);
		Student stu2 = stu1;
		System.out.println("学生1:" + stu1.getNumber());
		System.out.println("学生2:" + stu2.getNumber());
		System.out.println(stu1 == stu2);
		stu2.setNumber(22222);
		System.out.println("学生1:" + stu1.getNumber());
		System.out.println("学生2:" + stu2.getNumber());
	}
}

输出结果

学生1:12345
学生2:12345
true
学生1:22222
学生2:22222

深拷贝快速入门例子(不带对象属性)

public class Student implements Cloneable {
	private int number;

	public int getNumber() {
		return number;
	}

	public void setNumber(int number) {
		this.number = number;
	}
	
	@Override
	protected Student clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
		return (Student) super.clone();
	}

	public static void main(String args[]) {
		Student stu1 = new Student();
		stu1.setNumber(12345);
		Student stu2 = null;
		try {
			stu2 = (Student) stu1.clone();
		} catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		System.out.println("学生1:" + stu1.getNumber());
		System.out.println("学生2:" + stu2.getNumber());
		System.out.println(stu1 == stu2);
		stu2.setNumber(22222);
		System.out.println("学生1:" + stu1.getNumber());
		System.out.println("学生2:" + stu2.getNumber());
	}
}

结果

学生1:12345
学生2:12345
false
学生1:12345
学生2:22222

属性未实现Cloneable 例子（浅拷贝）

class Address {
	private String add;

	public String getAdd() {
		return add;
	}

	public void setAdd(String add) {
		this.add = add;
	}
}

class Student2 implements Cloneable {
	private int number;

	private Address addr;

	public Address getAddr() {
		return addr;
	}

	public void setAddr(Address addr) {
		this.addr = addr;
	}

	public int getNumber() {
		return number;
	}

	public void setNumber(int number) {
		this.number = number;
	}

	@Override
	public Object clone() {
		Student2 stu = null;
		try {
			stu = (Student2) super.clone();
		} catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return stu;
	}

	public static void main(String args[]) {

		Address addr = new Address();
		addr.setAdd("杭州市");
		Student2 stu1 = new Student2();
		stu1.setNumber(123);
		stu1.setAddr(addr);
		Student2 stu2 = (Student2) stu1.clone();
		
		stu1.setNumber(3333);
		stu1.getAddr().setAdd("中国");

		System.out.println("学生1:" + stu1.getNumber() + ",地址:" + stu1.getAddr().getAdd());
		System.out.println("学生2:" + stu2.getNumber() + ",地址:" + stu2.getAddr().getAdd());
		System.out.println(stu1.getAddr() == stu2.getAddr());
	}
}

输出结果

学生1:3333,地址:中国
学生2:123,地址:中国
true

属性实现Cloneable 例子-未显示调用属性的clone（浅拷贝）

class Address implements Cloneable {
	private String add;

	public String getAdd() {
		return add;
	}

	public void setAdd(String add) {
		this.add = add;
	}
	
	@Override
	public Object clone() {
		Address address = null;
		try {
			address = (Address) super.clone();
		} catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return address;
	}
}

class Student2 implements Cloneable {
	private int number;

	private Address addr;

	public Address getAddr() {
		return addr;
	}

	public void setAddr(Address addr) {
		this.addr = addr;
	}

	public int getNumber() {
		return number;
	}

	public void setNumber(int number) {
		this.number = number;
	}

	@Override
	public Object clone() {
		Student2 stu = null;
		try {
			stu = (Student2) super.clone();
		} catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return stu;
	}

	public static void main(String args[]) {

		Address addr = new Address();
		addr.setAdd("杭州市");
		Student2 stu1 = new Student2();
		stu1.setNumber(123);
		stu1.setAddr(addr);
		Student2 stu2 = (Student2) stu1.clone();
		
		stu1.setNumber(3333);
		stu1.getAddr().setAdd("中国");

		System.out.println("学生1:" + stu1.getNumber() + ",地址:" + stu1.getAddr().getAdd());
		System.out.println("学生2:" + stu2.getNumber() + ",地址:" + stu2.getAddr().getAdd());
		System.out.println(stu1.getAddr() == stu2.getAddr());
	}

输出结果

学生1:3333,地址:中国
学生2:123,地址:中国
true

属性实现Cloneable 例子（深拷贝）

// clone时，需要调用对象属性的clone
stu.addr = (Address) addr.clone();

class Address implements Cloneable {
	private String add;

	public String getAdd() {
		return add;
	}

	public void setAdd(String add) {
		this.add = add;
	}
	
	@Override
	public Object clone() {
		Address address = null;
		try {
			address = (Address) super.clone();
		} catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return address;
	}
}

class Student2 implements Cloneable {
	private int number;

	private Address addr;

	public Address getAddr() {
		return addr;
	}

	public void setAddr(Address addr) {
		this.addr = addr;
	}

	public int getNumber() {
		return number;
	}

	public void setNumber(int number) {
		this.number = number;
	}

	@Override
	public Object clone() {
		Student2 stu = null;
		try {
			stu = (Student2) super.clone();
		} catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		
		// 对象属性设置
		stu.addr = (Address) addr.clone();
		
		return stu;
	}

	public static void main(String args[]) {

		Address addr = new Address();
		addr.setAdd("杭州市");
		Student2 stu1 = new Student2();
		stu1.setNumber(123);
		stu1.setAddr(addr);
		
		Student2 stu2 = (Student2)stu1.clone();
		
		System.out.println("学生1:" + stu1.getNumber() + ",地址:" + stu1.getAddr().getAdd());
		System.out.println("学生2:" + stu2.getNumber() + ",地址:" + stu2.getAddr().getAdd());
		
		stu1.setNumber(222);
		addr.setAdd("西湖区");
		
		System.out.println("学生1:" + stu1.getNumber() + ",地址:" + stu1.getAddr().getAdd());
		System.out.println("学生2:" + stu2.getNumber() + ",地址:" + stu2.getAddr().getAdd());

	}
}

测试结果

学生1:123,地址:杭州市
学生2:123,地址:杭州市
学生1:222,地址:西湖区
学生2:123,地址:杭州市

序列化实现（深拷贝）

class Book implements Serializable {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 8234484588726379017L;
	private String name;

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Book [name=" + name + "]";
	}
}

class Teacher implements Serializable {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = -7471815149371769182L;

	private int no;

	private Book book;

	public int getNo() {
		return no;
	}

	public void setNo(int no) {
		this.no = no;
	}

	public Book getBook() {
		return book;
	}

	public void setBook(Book book) {
		this.book = book;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Teacher [no=" + no + ", book=" + book + "]";
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		// 序列化
		Book book = new Book();
		book.setName("语文");
		Teacher teacher = new Teacher();
		teacher.setNo(10001);
		teacher.setBook(book);
		ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
		ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(baos);
		oos.writeObject(teacher);

		ByteArrayInputStream bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(baos.toByteArray());
		// 反序列化
		ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(bais);
		Teacher teacher2 = (Teacher) ois.readObject();
		System.out.println(teacher == teacher2);

		System.out.println("老师1:" + teacher.getNo() + ",学科:" + teacher.getBook().getName());
		System.out.println("老师2:" + teacher2.getNo() + ",学科:" + teacher2.getBook().getName());
		
		teacher.setNo(2222);
		teacher.getBook().setName("数学");
		System.out.println("老师1:" + teacher.getNo() + ",学科:" + teacher.getBook().getName());
		System.out.println("老师2:" + teacher2.getNo() + ",学科:" + teacher2.getBook().getName());
	}
}

测试结果

false
老师1:10001,学科:语文
老师2:10001,学科:语文
老师1:2222,学科:数学
老师2:10001,学科:语文

序列化实现（浅拷贝，单例）

需要重写方法private Object readResolve() throws ObjectStreamException，返回单例实例对象

public class Teacher2 implements Serializable {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = -7471815149371769182L;

	private int no;

	public int getNo() {
		return no;
	}

	public void setNo(int no) {
		this.no = no;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Teacher [no=" + no + "]";
	}
	
	private static final Teacher2 INSTANCE = new Teacher2();
	
	private Teacher2() {}
	
	public static Teacher2 getInstance() {
		return INSTANCE;
	}
	
	private Object readResolve() throws ObjectStreamException {
		return INSTANCE;
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		// 序列化
		Teacher2 teacher = Teacher2.getInstance();
		teacher.setNo(10001);
		ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
		ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(baos);
		oos.writeObject(teacher);

		ByteArrayInputStream bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(baos.toByteArray());
		// 反序列化
		ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(bais);
		Teacher2 teacher2 = (Teacher2) ois.readObject();
		System.out.println(teacher == teacher2);

		System.out.println("老师1:" + teacher.getNo());
		System.out.println("老师2:" + teacher2.getNo());
		
		teacher.setNo(2222);
		System.out.println("老师1:" + teacher.getNo());
		System.out.println("老师2:" + teacher2.getNo());
	}
}

测试结果

true
老师1:10001
老师2:10001
老师1:2222
老师2:2222