流形的度量改变意味着什么?
1.首先来看最简单的例子: \(S^2:\) 将球面嵌入到 \(\mathbb{R}^3\)里面, 半径是 \(r\), 我们取标准球面坐标 \((\theta,\phi)\), 球面的度量是 \(ds^2=r^2(d\theta^2+sin\theta d\phi^2)\) ,改变度量 ,比如说 \(r\to 0\), 形状会缩小, 最终坍缩成为一个点。
- 反之,任何一个黎曼流形 \((M,g)\) 都能等距嵌入到一个 \(\mathbb{R}^n\) 里面,这就是 Nash 嵌入定理。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
Nash–Kuiper theorem (\(C^1\)embedding theorem)
Let \((M,g)\) be a Riemannian manifold and$ f: M^m \to \mathbb{R}^n$ a short \(C^{\infty}\) -embedding (or immersion) into Euclidean space \(\mathbb{R}^n\) , where \(n ≥ m+1\). Then for arbitrary \(\epsilon >0\) there is an embedding (or immersion) $: f_\epsilon: M^m \to \mathbb{R}^n $which is
- (1)in class \(C^1\)
- (2) isometric: \[ \displaystyle g(u,v)= \langle df_\epsilon(u), df_\epsilon(v) \rangle, \forall u,v \in T_x M \]