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# 方法1 —— 字符比较
#!/bin/bashstr1="hello"str2="he"str3="lo"if [ ${str1:0:2} = $str2 ]; then echo "$str1 include $str2"fiif [ ${str1:2:4} = $str3 ]then echo "$str1 include $str3"else echo "$str1 not include $str3"fi
运行结果:
hello include he
hello not include lo
# 方法2 —— grep匹配
#!/bin/bashstr1="hello world"str2="he"str3="world "echo "$str1" | grep -q "$str2"if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then echo "$str1 include $str2"fiecho "$str1" | grep -q "$str3"if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then echo "$str1 include $str3"else echo "$str1 not include $str3"fi
运行结果:
hello world include he
hello world not include world
#方法3 —— 由方法2演变
echo "hello world" | grep -q "he" && echo "include" || echo "not include" # result : include
echo "hello world" | grep -q "world " && echo "include" || echo "not include" # result : not include
#方法4
#!/bin/bashstr1="hello world"str2="he"str3="world "[[ "${str1/$str2/}" != "$str2" ]] && echo "include" || echo "not include"[[ "${str1/$str2/}" != "$str2" ]]if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then echo "$str1 include $str2"fi
运行结果:
include
hello world include he
#方法5 —— expr 命令
expr有模式匹配功能,可以通过指定冒号选项计算字符串中字符数,.* 即任何字符重复0次或多次
expr 计算字符数:
expr "accounts.doc" : '.*' # result : 12
expr 截取字符串
expr "accounts.doc" : '.∗ .∗' # result: 81
substr 和 index 配合使用:
expr substr "hello world" 1 $(expr index "hello world" w) # result : hello w
#方法6 —— awk的index函数
awk 'BEGIN{info="this is hello world"; print index(info, "hello") ? "include" : "not include";}' # result : include
awk 'BEGIN{info="this is hello world"; print index(info, "helo") ? "include" : "not include";}' # result : not include
${var#...}
${var%...}
${var/.../...}
grep 精确匹配
1) echo "hello hellos hell" | grep hell # result : hello hellos hell
2) echo "hello hellos hell" | grep -w hell # result : hello hellos hell
3) echo "hello hellos hell" | grep "\<hell\>" # result : hello hellos hell
1) 模糊匹配; 2) 单词匹配; 3) 正则域匹配; 推荐方式3)
完整示例:
test.txt
bird
birds
angrybird
angrybirds
angry bird
angry birds
angry birds war
grep.sh
#!/bin/bashcat test.txtechoecho "grep bird test.txt..."grep birds test.txtechoecho "grep -w bird test.txt..."grep -w birds test.txtechoecho "grep "\<birds\>" test.txt..."grep "\<birds\>" test.txt
运行结果:
bird
birds
angrybird
angrybirds
angry bird
angry birds
angry birds war
grep bird test.txt...
birds
angrybirds
angry birds
angry birds war
grep -w bird test.txt...
birds
angry birds
angry birds war
grep <birds> test.txt...
birds
angry birds
angry birds war
参考推荐: