专家解析2010年考研英语之动词转换

     2009年07月27日13:22  来源：人民网-教育频道

（一）名词转译成动词
　　1．Until 1972, all efforts by the two nations to curb the nuclear-arms race had founded on one point: U.S. insistence on the right to make on-site inspections of the Soviet strategic arsenal and Russia’s refusal.

　　到一九七二年为止，美苏之间关于限制军备竞赛的一切努力都在这一点上失败了：美国坚持有权视察苏方战略武器现场，而苏联则拒绝这样做。
　　2．The 1967 UN document calls for the settlement of the Middle East conflict on the basis of Israeli withdrawal from occupied territories and Arab acknowledgement of Israeli’s right to exit.
　　一九六七年联合国文件要求在以色列撤出所占的土地以及阿拉伯成人以色列的生存权利的基础上解决中东冲突。
　　3．Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.
　　火箭已经用来探索宇宙。
　　Ⅱ 含有动作意味的名词（在记叙、描写文体中出现较多）往往可以转译为动词。
　　1．The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.
　　看到我们的喷气式飞机，听见隆隆的机声，令我特别神往。
　　2．As the week drew to a close, the enemy rout was complete.
　　一周快结束时，敌人彻底溃退了。
　　3．语言这个东西不是随便可以学好的，非下苦功不可。
　　The mastery of language is not easy and requires painstaking effort.
　　4．The volume of trade has increased tremendously to the advantage of both countries.
　　贸易的巨增给两国带来了益处。（动+副→形+名）
　　5．Traditionally, they had always been good relations between them.
　　它们之间一直有着传统的友好关系。 （副→形）
　　6．Our age is witnessing a profound political change.
　　我们的时代是深刻的政治变化的见证。（动→名）
　　7．We are enemies of all wars, but above all of dynastic wars.
　　我们一直反对一切战争，特别是反对王朝战争。（系表结构+of→动）
　　Ⅲ 英语中有些加后缀-er的名词，如teacher 教师，thinker 思想家等等，有时在句中并不指其身份和职业，而是含有较强的动作意味。在汉语中没有恰当的对应名词时，往往可以译成动词。
　　1．I am afraid I can’t teach you swimming. I think my little brother is a better teacher than I.
　　我未必会教你游泳。我想我的小弟弟比我教得好。
　　2．Talking with his son, the old man was the forgiver of the young man’s past wrong doings.
　　在和儿子谈话时，老人宽恕了年轻人所干的坏事。
　　Ⅳ 作为习语主体的名词往往可以转译为动词，如To have a rest 和 To have a good look at 里的rest 和 look。
　　1．The next news bulletin, shorter than usual, made no mention of the demonstration.
　　下一个新闻节目比通常短，没有提到旅行。
　　（二）前置词转译为动词
　　英语中前置词是用得相当多的，其中有些没有动作意味而仅表示时间、地点的前置词，汉译时往往可以省略；但有许多含有动作意味的前置词，如across, past, toward等等，汉译时往往可以译成动词。
　　1. Party officials worked long hours on meager food, in cold caves, by dim lamps. (A. L. Strong)
　　党的干部吃简陋的饮食，住寒冷的窑洞，靠微弱的灯光，长时间地工作。
　　2．“Coming!” Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the veranda, and into the porch.
　　“来啦！”她转身蹦着跳着地跑了，越过草地，跑上小径，跨上台阶，穿过凉台，进了门廊。
　　（三）形容词转译成动词
　　英语中表示知觉、情欲、欲望等心理状态的形容词，在联系动词后作表语用时，往往可转译成汉语动词。常见的这类形容词有：confident, certain, careful, cautious, angry, sure, ignorant, afraid, doubtful, aware, concerned, glad, delighted, sorry, ashamed, thankful, anxious, grateful, able 等。
　　1．Doctors have said that they are not sure they can save his life.
　　医生说他们不敢肯定能否救得了他的命。
　　2．Naturally the Nazi soldiers were more concerned with saving their own lives than with taking ours.
　　当然，纳粹士兵们对于救他们自己的命，比起要我们的命，关心得多了。
　　（四） 副词转译成动词
　　1．As he ran out, he forgot to have his shoes on.
　　他跑出去时，忘记了穿鞋子。
　　2．Mr. Nixon had said repeatedly that the American war in Indochina would soon be over.
　　尼克松先生屡次声言，美国在印度支那的战争即将结束。