Netty 实现传输字符串

digital2013

已于 2023-11-23 22:07:47 修改

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文章标签：服务器 java 运维

于 2023-11-23 22:06:03 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/digital2013/article/details/134587464

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文章目录

netty 开发的基本流程

实现客户端、服务器端

实现思路

netty 依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>org.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>netty-serv</artifactId>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <!-- 服务器客户端分为两个模块 -->
    <modules>
        <module>netty-tcp-serv</module>
        <module>netty-tcp-client</module>
    </modules>

    <dependencies>
        <!-- netty依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.netty</groupId>
            <artifactId>netty-all</artifactId>
            <version>4.1.50.Final</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>


</project>

服务器代码实现

package org.skystep.tcpserv;

import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;

public class Server {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        EventLoopGroup wokerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();

        try {
            //用于启动NIO服务
            ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
            //通过工厂方法设计模式实例化一个channel
            serverBootstrap.group(bossGroup, wokerGroup).channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
                    .childHandler(new ServerInitializer());
            //绑定服务器，该实例将提供有关IO操作的结果或状态的信息
            ChannelFuture channelFuture = serverBootstrap.bind(8899).sync();
            System.out.println("在" + channelFuture.channel().localAddress() + "上开启监听");
            //阻塞操作，closeFuture()开启了一个channel的监听器（这期间channel在进行各项工作），直到链路断开
            channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
            wokerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
        }
    }
}

package org.skystep.tcpserv;

import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandler;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.util.CharsetUtil;

@ChannelHandler.Sharable
public class ServerHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
    @Override
    public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
        //处理收到的数据，并反馈消息到到客户端
        ByteBuf in = (ByteBuf) msg;
        System.out.println("收到客户端发过来的消息: " + in.toString(CharsetUtil.UTF_8));
        //写入并发送信息到远端（客户端）
        ctx.writeAndFlush(Unpooled.copiedBuffer("你好，我是服务端，我已经收到你发送的消息", CharsetUtil.UTF_8));
    }

    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception
    {
        //出现异常的时候执行的动作（打印并关闭通道）
        cause.printStackTrace();
        ctx.close();
    }
}


package org.skystep.tcpserv;

import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;

public class ServerInitializer extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> {
    @Override
    protected void initChannel(SocketChannel socketChannel) throws Exception {
        ChannelPipeline pipeline = socketChannel.pipeline();
        //自己定义的处理器
        pipeline.addLast(new ServerHandler());
    }
}

客户端代码实现

package org.skystep.tcpclient;

import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;

public class Client {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        EventLoopGroup eventLoopGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();

        try {
            Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap();
            bootstrap.group(eventLoopGroup).channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
                    .handler(new ClientInitializer());

            ChannelFuture channelFuture = bootstrap.connect("localhost", 8899).sync();
            channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            eventLoopGroup.shutdownGracefully();
        }
    }
}

package org.skystep.tcpclient;

import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringEncoder;
import io.netty.util.CharsetUtil;

public class ClientInitializer extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> {
    @Override
    protected void initChannel(SocketChannel socketChannel) throws Exception {
        ChannelPipeline pipeline = socketChannel.pipeline();

        pipeline.addLast(new StringDecoder(CharsetUtil.UTF_8));
        pipeline.addLast(new StringEncoder(CharsetUtil.UTF_8));
        pipeline.addLast(new ClientHandler());
    }
}

package org.skystep.tcpclient;

import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler;

import java.time.LocalDateTime;

public class ClientHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<String> {
    @Override
    protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, String msg) throws Exception {
        //服务端的远程地址
        System.out.println(ctx.channel().remoteAddress());
        System.out.println("client output: "+msg);
        ctx.writeAndFlush("from client: "+ LocalDateTime.now());
    }

    /**
     * 当服务器端与客户端进行建立连接的时候会触发，如果没有触发读写操作，则客户端和客户端之间不会进行数据通信，也就是channelRead0不会执行，
     * 当通道连接的时候，触发channelActive方法向服务端发送数据触发服务器端的handler的channelRead0回调，然后
     * 服务端向客户端发送数据触发客户端的channelRead0，依次触发。
     */
    @Override
    public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        ctx.writeAndFlush("来自与客户端的问题!");
    }

    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
        cause.printStackTrace();
        ctx.close();
    }
}