灵活的服务,IntentService用法及原理

    我们都知道,在Android中,耗时的操作不能再主线程中执行,需要另开线程。比如,在一个Activity中,需要读取数据,就需要开辟一个子线程来处理。这样做会有一个问题,如果该任务还没有执行完,Activity已经被销毁了,那么该进程也就销毁了,大部分情况下不需要做特殊处理,但有时候我们希望即使Activity销毁后,该任务仍能继续处理,这时就需要使用后台服务了--service了。Service也是运行在主线程中,所有在Service中耗时的操作也必须在子线程中完成。在这里,我们所说的Service在运行在主线程中,并不一定与Activity是同一个主线程,该怎么理解呢?如果是本地服务,那么Service和Activity就在同一个进程的主线程中了,如果是远程服务,那么Service和Activity不在同一个进程,但是Service运行在其所在进程的主线程中,所以也是不能做耗时操作的。
    我们直接使用service来处理耗时操作需要自己管理service的生命周期、子线程创建管理,当然我们完全可以自己处理的,不过Android系统已经为我们想到了,提供了IntentService来解决这样的问题。

示例代码

实现IntentService的子类,
public class DownloadService extends IntentService {

private final static String TAG = "DownloadService";

public DownloadService() {
    super("DownloadService...");
}

@Override
protected void onHandleIntent(Intent intent) {
try {
    Thread.sleep(3000);
    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    Log.d(TAG, "onHandleIntent...");
    }

@Override
public void onDestroy() {
    super.onDestroy();
        Log.d(TAG, "onDestroy...");
    }

}
主要两点:
1、构造函数
2、实现onHandleIntent方法,睡眠3秒,模拟耗时操作,这个方法执行在子线程中(后面分析),可以做耗时操作

在Activity启动服务
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        Intent intent = new Intent(this, DownloadService.class);
        startService(intent);
        startService(intent);
        startService(intent);
    }

}
    IntentService的启动方式跟一般的Service是一样的,在这里我们启动了三次,观察其执行过程。
10-18 11:46:26.915 16245-16270/com.windy.intentservicedemo D/DownloadService: onHandleIntent...
10-18 11:46:29.916 16245-16270/com.windy.intentservicedemo D/DownloadService: onHandleIntent...
10-18 11:46:32.916 16245-16270/com.windy.intentservicedemo D/DownloadService: onHandleIntent...
10-18 11:46:32.917 16245-16245/com.windy.intentservicedemo D/DownloadService: onDestroy...

    可以看到,每隔3秒执行一次onHandleIntent,最后自行销毁。

    好了,IntentService的使用非常简单,很好的简化了开发过程,下面在从源码的角度来看。

源码分析
public abstract class IntentService extends Service {
private volatile Looper mServiceLooper;
private volatile ServiceHandler mServiceHandler;
private String mName;
private boolean mRedelivery;

private final class ServiceHandler extends Handler {
public ServiceHandler(Looper looper) {
    super(looper);
}

@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
        onHandleIntent((Intent)msg.obj);
        stopSelf(msg.arg1);
    }
}

/**
     * Creates an IntentService.  Invoked by your subclass's constructor.
     *
     * @param name Used to name the worker thread, important only for debugging.
     */
public IntentService(String name) {
    super();
    mName = name;
}

/**
     * Sets intent redelivery preferences.  Usually called from the constructor
     * with your preferred semantics.
     *
     * <p>If enabled is true,
     * {@link #onStartCommand(Intent, int, int)} will return
     * {@link Service#START_REDELIVER_INTENT}, so if this process dies before
     * {@link #onHandleIntent(Intent)} returns, the process will be restarted
     * and the intent redelivered.  If multiple Intents have been sent, only
     * the most recent one is guaranteed to be redelivered.
     *
     * <p>If enabled is false (the default),
     * {@link #onStartCommand(Intent, int, int)} will return
     * {@link Service#START_NOT_STICKY}, and if the process dies, the Intent
     * dies along with it.
     */
public void setIntentRedelivery(boolean enabled) {
    mRedelivery = enabled;
}

@Override
public void onCreate() {
// TODO: It would be nice to have an option to hold a partial wakelock
// during processing, and to have a static startService(Context, Intent)
        // method that would launch the service & hand off a wakelock.

        super.onCreate();
        HandlerThread thread = new HandlerThread("IntentService[" + mName + "]");
        thread.start();

        mServiceLooper = thread.getLooper();
        mServiceHandler = new ServiceHandler(mServiceLooper);
    }

@Override
public void onStart(Intent intent, int startId) {
        Message msg = mServiceHandler.obtainMessage();
        msg.arg1 = startId;
        msg.obj = intent;
        mServiceHandler.sendMessage(msg);
    }

/**
     * You should not override this method for your IntentService. Instead,
     * override {@link #onHandleIntent}, which the system calls when the IntentService
     * receives a start request.
     * @see android.app.Service#onStartCommand
     */
@Override
public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
        onStart(intent, startId);
        return mRedelivery ? START_REDELIVER_INTENT : START_NOT_STICKY;
    }

@Override
public void onDestroy() {
        mServiceLooper.quit();
    }

/**
     * Unless you provide binding for your service, you don't need to implement this
     * method, because the default implementation returns null. 
     * @see android.app.Service#onBind
     */
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        return null;
    }

/**
     * This method is invoked on the worker thread with a request to process.
     * Only one Intent is processed at a time, but the processing happens on a
     * worker thread that runs independently from other application logic.
     * So, if this code takes a long time, it will hold up other requests to
     * the same IntentService, but it will not hold up anything else.
     * When all requests have been handled, the IntentService stops itself,
     * so you should not call {@link #stopSelf}.
     *
     * @param intent The value passed to {@link
*               android.content.Context#startService(Intent)}.
     */
@WorkerThread
protected abstract void onHandleIntent(Intent intent);
}
    很显然, IntentService是 service的一个子类,重写了service方法,我们就按照service的执行过程来看。

1、初始化了HandlerThread(此处不再详述),指定了线程名,从这点可以看出并不会开辟多个子线程(当然也可以指定线程)。
2、使用HandlerThread的消息队列Looper来初始化ServiceHandler,ServiceHandler是Handler的子类,实现handleMessage方法。
3、每次启动service都会执行onStartCommand方法,发送消息到ServiceHandler中处理。
4、handleMessage中执行onHandleIntent方法,执行完之后销毁服务,回调onDestroy。

    整个过程还是很清晰的,这么做的好处:
    任务的执行都在子线程中进行的,不需要我们开辟线程,并且每次只执行一个线程,执行完一个再执行另一个;
执行完之后会自动销毁服务,做到需要时启动,减少了系统不必要的开支。



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