运算符重载概念:
对已有的运算符重新进行定义,赋予其另一种功能,以适应不同的数据类型。
一、加号运算符重载
//1、成员函数重载+号
Person operator+(Person& p)
{
Person temp;
temp.m_A = this->m_A + p.m_A;
temp.m_B = this->m_B + p.m_B;
return temp;
}
//2、全局函数重载
Person operator+(Person& p1, Person p2)
{
Person temp;
temp.m_A = p1.m_A + p2.m_A;
temp.m_B = p1.m_B + p2.m_B;
return temp;
}
//运算符重载也可以发生函数重载
Person operator+(Person& p1,int num)
{
Person temp;
temp.m_A = p1.m_A + num;
temp.m_B = p1.m_B + num;
return temp;
}
//成员函数的本质调用:
//Person p3 = p1.operator+(p2);
//全局函数的本质调用:
Person p3 = operator+(p1, p2);
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<string>
//加号运算符重载
class Person
{
public:
//1、成员函数重载+号
Person operator+(Person& p)
{
Person temp;
temp.m_A = this->m_A + p.m_A;
temp.m_B = this->m_B + p.m_B;
return temp;
}
int m_A;
int m_B;
};
//2、全局函数重载
Person operator+(Person& p1, Person p2)
{
Person temp;
temp.m_A = p1.m_A + p2.m_A;
temp.m_B = p1.m_B + p2.m_B;
return temp;
}
Person operator+(Person& p1,int num)
{
Person temp;
temp.m_A = p1.m_A + num;
temp.m_B = p1.m_B + num;
return temp;
}
void test01()
{
Person p1;
p1.m_A = 10;
p1.m_B = 10;
Person p2;
p2.m_A = 10;
p2.m_B = 10;
//成员函数的本质调用:
//Person p3 = p1.operator+(p2);
//Person p3 = p1 + p2;
//全局函数的本质调用:
Person p3 = operator+(p1, p2);
//运算符重载也可以发生函数重载
Person p4 = p1 + 12;
cout << "p3.m_A :" << p3.m_A << endl;
cout << "p3.m_B :" << p3.m_B << endl;
cout << "p4.m_A :" << p4.m_A << endl;
cout << "p4.m_B :" << p4.m_B << endl;
}
int main()
{
test01();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
注意:
1、对于内置的数据类型的表达式的的运算符是不可能改变的
2、不要滥用运算符重载
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二、 左移运算符重载
作用:可以输出自定义数据类型
cout的类型是ostream
不能用成员函数重载,只能用全局函数重载。
ostream &operator<<(ostream& out, Person& p) //otream是cout 的类型:输出流对象
{
out << “p.m_A " << p.m_A << " p.m_B” << p.m_B;
return out;
}
//实现了一下输出了p的所有信息
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<string>
//左移运算符重载
class Person
{
friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, Person& p);
//成员函数重载<<运算符 p.operator(p) 简化:p<<cout
//不能利用成员函数重载<<运算符,因为无法实现cout 在左侧
//void operator<<(cout)
//{}
public:
Person(int a,int b)
{
m_A = a;
m_B = b;
}
private:
int m_A;
int m_B;
};
//只能用全局函数重载左移运算符
ostream &operator<<(ostream& out, Person& p) //otream是cout 的类型:输出流对象
{
out << "p.m_A " << p.m_A << " p.m_B" << p.m_B;
return out;
}
void test01()
{
Person p(10, 10);
cout << p << "你好" << endl;//实现了一下输出了p的所有信息
}
int main()
{
test01();
//test02();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
总结:重载左移运算符配合友元可以实现输出自定义数据类型
三、递增运算符重载
作用: 通过重载递增运算符,实现自己的整型数据
//重载前置++运算符 返回引用是为了一直对一个数据进行递增操作
MyInteger& operator++()
{
//先++
m_Num++;
//再返回
return *this;
}
//重载后置++运算符
//MyInteger operator++(int) int 代表占位参数,可以用于区分前置递增和后置递增
MyInteger operator++(int) {
//先返回
MyInteger temp = *this; //记录当前本身的值,然后让本身的值加1,但是返回的是以前的值,达到先返回后++;
m_Num++;
return temp;
}
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<string>
//重载递增运算符
//自定义类型
class MyInteger {
friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, MyInteger myint);
public:
MyInteger() {
m_Num = 0;
}
//重载前置++运算符 返回引用是为了一直对一个数据进行递增操作
MyInteger& operator++()
{
//先++
m_Num++;
//再返回
return *this;
}
//重载后置++运算符
//MyInteger operator++(int) int 代表占位参数,可以用于区分前置递增和后置递增
MyInteger operator++(int) {
//先返回
MyInteger temp = *this; //记录当前本身的值,然后让本身的值加1,但是返回的是以前的值,达到先返回后++;
m_Num++;
return temp;
}
private:
int m_Num;
};
//重载左移运算符
ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, MyInteger myint) {
out << myint.m_Num;
return out;
}
//前置++ 先++ 再返回
void test01() {
MyInteger myInt;
cout << ++myInt << endl;
cout << myInt << endl;
}
//后置++ 先返回 再++
void test02() {
MyInteger myInt;
cout << myInt++ << endl;
cout << myInt << endl;
}
int main() {
//test01();
test02();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
总结: 前置递增返回引用,后置递增返回值
四、赋值运算符重载
- 默认构造函数(无参,函数体为空)
- 默认析构函数(无参,函数体为空)
- 默认拷贝构造函数,对属性进行值拷贝
- 赋值运算符 operator=, 对属性进行值拷贝
如果类中有属性指向堆区,做赋值操作时也会出现深浅拷贝问题
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<string>
//赋值运算符重载
class Person
{
public:
Person(int a)
{
m_Age = new int(a);
}
~Person()
{
if (m_Age != NULL)
{
delete m_Age;
m_Age = NULL;
}
}
Person& operator=(Person& p)
{
//编译器提供的是浅拷贝
//m_Age=a;
//先判断是否有属性在堆区,如有,先释放干净再深拷贝
if (m_Age != NULL)
{
delete m_Age;
m_Age = NULL;
}
//深拷贝
m_Age = new int(*p.m_Age);
return *this;
}
int *m_Age;
};
void test01()
{
Person p1(10);
Person p2(20);
Person p3(30);
p3=p2 = p1;//赋值操作
cout << "p1的年龄" << *(p1.m_Age) << endl;
cout << "p2的年龄" << *(p2.m_Age) << endl;
cout << "p3的年龄" << *(p3.m_Age) << endl;
}
int main()
{
test01();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
五、关系运算符重载
**作用:**重载关系运算符,可以让两个自定义类型对象进行对比操作
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<string>
//关系运算符重载
class Person
{
public:
Person(string a,int b)
{
this->name = a;
this->age = b;
}
bool operator==(Person& p)
{
if (this->age == p.age && this->name == p.name)
{
return true;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
bool operator!=(Person& p)
{
if (this->age == p.age && this->name == p.name)
{
return false;
}
else
{
return true;
}
}
private:
string name;
int age;
};
void test01()
{
Person p1("刘备", 19);
Person p2("刘3备",19);
if (p1 == p2)
{
cout << "相等" << endl;
}
else
{
cout<<"不相等"<<endl;
}
if (p1 != p2)
{
cout << "部相等" << endl;
}
else
{
cout << "相=等" << endl;
}
}
int main()
{
test01();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
六、函数调用运算符重载
- 函数调用运算符 () 也可以重载
- 由于重载后使用的方式非常像函数的调用,因此称为仿函数
- 仿函数没有固定写法,非常灵活
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<string>
//函数调用()运算符重载
class Person
{
public:
void operator()(string ss)
{
cout << ss << endl;
}
};
void test01()
{
//重载的()操作符 也称为仿函数
Person p;
p("hello !");
}
class Myadd
{
public:
int operator()(int a, int b)
{
return a + b;
}
};
void test02()
{
Myadd a;
int b=a(1, 4);
cout << "b = " << b << endl;
//匿名对象的调用,不用创建类,直接调用函数
cout << "Myadd()(100,100) = " << Myadd()(100, 100) << endl;
}
int main() {
//test01();
test02();
system("pause");
return 0;
}