单元测试实践篇：Mock

verify(mock, timeout(timeout + delta).times(2)).callMethod(“test”);

// immediately success

verify(mock, timeout(10)).sayHello();

async.get();

// after() awaits full duration to check if verification passes

verify(mock, after(10).times(2)).callMethod(“test”);

verify(mock, after(10)).sayHello();

}

spy

spy 的官方定义是：

partial mocking, real methods are invoked but still can be verified and stubbed

会调用被 spy 的真实对象的方法，但仍能被 Mockiton 所直接用于 mock 和 verify，也就是说在没有配置 mock 行为的情况下默认是调用被 mock 对象的真实方法。

• 句式 doXxx…when 当同一目标方法上定义了多个 mock 行为，后序 mock 可以覆盖前序 mock

• clearInvocations 仅清理之前的调用

• reset 会重置为初始状态(所有中途的赋值都会被清理掉)

@Test

public void testDoReturn() {

// real creation

List list = new LinkedList();

List spy = spy(list);

//optionally, you can stub out some methods:

int mockSize = 100;

when(spy.size()).thenReturn(mockSize);

//size() method was stubbed - 100 is printed

assertEquals(spy.size(), mockSize);

// Overriding a previous exception-stubbing:

when(spy.size()).thenThrow(new IllegalStateException(“not init”));

doReturn(mockSize).when(spy).size();

assertEquals(spy.size(), mockSize);

//Impossible: real method is called so spy.get(0) throws IndexOutOfBoundsException (the list is yet empty)

Assertions.assertThatExceptionOfType(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class).isThrownBy(() -> spy.get(0));

doReturn(“mock data”).when(spy).get(1);

//using the spy calls real methods

spy.add(“one”);

assertEquals(spy.get(0), “one”);

/*

Use this method in order to only clear invocations, when stubbing is non-trivial. Use-cases can be:

You are using a dependency injection framework to inject your mocks.

The mock is used in a stateful scenario. For example a class is Singleton which depends on your mock.

Try to avoid this method at all costs. Only clear invocations if you are unable to efficiently test your program.

*/

clearInvocations(spy);

verify(spy, times(0)).add(“two”);

reset(spy);

when(spy.size()).thenReturn(0);

assertEquals(spy.size(), 0);

}

▐  PowerMock

以上介绍的是 Mockiton 中常用的API，而 PowerMock 则更强大，可以 mock static 方法，private 方法，final 方法，enum，构造函数调用等。

示例代码中用到的测试类如下：

public enum TypeEnum {

Y(“TRUE”),

N(“FALSE”);

private final String title;

TypeEnum(String title) {

this.title = title;

}

public String getTitle() {

return title;

}

}

public final class FinalTarget {

public FinalTarget() { }

public final String finalMethod() {

return “Hello final!”;

}

}

public class StaticTarget {

public static String firstMethod(String name) {

return “Hello " + name + " !”;

}

public static String secondMethod() {

return “Hello no one!”;

}

}

public class PartialTarget {

private String arg