shell中date做循环变量，以及date简单解析

需求：有时，可能希望脚本能够按照一段时间中，每天为一个参数来执行某个任务。例如开始时间为20130101，结束时间为20130301，由于日期变化不是简单的增加1，这里可以做如下处理。

定义变量：

start_date=20130101
end_date=20130301
#shFIle 为某一sh文件 其参数为日期 [ 格式 20130101 ]
shFile ="/home/user/job.sh"

方法1 while

while (( $start_date <= $end_date ))
do 
#当前日期
echo $start_date 
#执行当前日期的任务
sh $shFile $start_date
#检测执行是否正确
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
echo "${start_date} job failed!"
exit 1
fi
#修改日期
start_date=$(date -d "$start_date +1days" +%Y%m%d)
done

方法2 for

for((;$start_date<=$end_date; start_date=$(date -d "$start_date +1days" +%Y%m%d)))
do 
#当前日期
echo $start_date 
#执行当前日期的任务
sh $shFile $start_date
#检测执行是否正确
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
echo "${start_date} job failed!"
exit 1
fi
done

 总结：以上只是两种循环方式，主要的就是如何控制日期的自动增加，判断是否结束。

date命令

12:08 [root@y034]$ date --help
Usage: date [OPTION]... [+FORMAT]
  or:  date [-u|--utc|--universal] [MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]]
Display the current time in the given FORMAT, or set the system date.

  -d, --date=STRING         display time described by STRING, not `now'
  -f, --file=DATEFILE       like --date once for each line of DATEFILE
  -r, --reference=FILE      display the last modification time of FILE
  -R, --rfc-2822            output date and time in RFC 2822 format.
                            Example: Mon, 07 Aug 2006 12:34:56 -0600
      --rfc-3339=TIMESPEC   output date and time in RFC 3339 format.
                            TIMESPEC=`date', `seconds', or `ns' for
                            date and time to the indicated precision.
                            Date and time components are separated by
                            a single space: 2006-08-07 12:34:56-06:00
  -s, --set=STRING          set time described by STRING
  -u, --utc, --universal    print or set Coordinated Universal Time
      --help     display this help and exit
      --version  output version information and exit

FORMAT controls the output.  Interpreted sequences are:

  %%   a literal %
  %a   locale's abbreviated weekday name (e.g., Sun)
  %A   locale's full weekday name (e.g., Sunday)
  %b   locale's abbreviated month name (e.g., Jan)
  %B   locale's full month name (e.g., January)
  %c   locale's date and time (e.g., Thu Mar  3 23:05:25 2005)
  %C   century; like %Y, except omit last two digits (e.g., 20)
  %d   day of month (e.g, 01)
  %D   date; same as %m/%d/%y
  %e   day of month, space padded; same as %_d
  %F   full date; same as %Y-%m-%d
  %g   last two digits of year of ISO week number (see %G)
  %G   year of ISO week number (see %V); normally useful only with %V
  %h   same as %b
  %H   hour (00..23)
  %I   hour (01..12)
  %j   day of year (001..366)
  %k   hour ( 0..23)
  %l   hour ( 1..12)
  %m   month (01..12)
  %M   minute (00..59)
  %n   a newline
  %N   nanoseconds (000000000..999999999)
  %p   locale's equivalent of either AM or PM; blank if not known
  %P   like %p, but lower case
  %r   locale's 12-hour clock time (e.g., 11:11:04 PM)
  %R   24-hour hour and minute; same as %H:%M
  %s   seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
  %S   second (00..60)
  %t   a tab
  %T   time; same as %H:%M:%S
  %u   day of week (1..7); 1 is Monday
  %U   week number of year, with Sunday as first day of week (00..53)
  %V   ISO week number, with Monday as first day of week (01..53)
  %w   day of week (0..6); 0 is Sunday
  %W   week number of year, with Monday as first day of week (00..53)
  %x   locale's date representation (e.g., 12/31/99)
  %X   locale's time representation (e.g., 23:13:48)
  %y   last two digits of year (00..99)
  %Y   year
  %z   +hhmm numeric timezone (e.g., -0400)
  %:z  +hh:mm numeric timezone (e.g., -04:00)
  %::z  +hh:mm:ss numeric time zone (e.g., -04:00:00)
  %:::z  numeric time zone with : to necessary precision (e.g., -04, +05:30)
  %Z   alphabetic time zone abbreviation (e.g., EDT)

By default, date pads numeric fields with zeroes.
The following optional flags may follow `%':

  -  (hyphen) do not pad the field
  _  (underscore) pad with spaces
  0  (zero) pad with zeros
  ^  use upper case if possible
  #  use opposite case if possible

After any flags comes an optional field width, as a decimal number;
then an optional modifier, which is either
E to use the locale's alternate representations if available, or
O to use the locale's alternate numeric symbols if available.

Report date bugs to bug-coreutils@gnu.org
GNU coreutils home page: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
General help using GNU software: <http://www.gnu.org/gethelp/>
For complete documentation, run: info coreutils 'date invocation'
You have mail in /var/spool/mail/root

使用简单用例：

[root@root ~]# date "+%Y-%m-%d"  
2013-02-19  
[root@root ~]# date "+%H:%M:%S"  
13:13:59  
[root@root ~]# date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"  
2013-02-19 13:14:19  
[root@root ~]# date "+%Y_%m_%d %H:%M:%S"    
2013_02_19 13:14:58  
[root@root ~]# date -d today   
Tue Feb 19 13:10:38 CST 2013  
[root@root ~]# date -d now  
Tue Feb 19 13:10:43 CST 2013  
[root@root ~]# date -d tomorrow  
Wed Feb 20 13:11:06 CST 2013  
[root@root ~]# date -d yesterday  
Mon Feb 18 13:11:58 CST 2013