JDBC是Java数据库连接技术的简称,提供连接各种常用数据库的能力:Java DataBase Connectivity,java数据库连接。
JDBC API
供程序员调用的接口与类,集成在java.sql和javax.sql包中,如:
DriverManager类
Connection接口
Statement接口
ResultSet接口
JDBC API主要功能:与数据库建立连接、执行SQL 语句、处理结果。
下面,已MySQL数据库为例,向数据库摸个表中增加一条数据;
要建立Java与数据库之间的连接,首先,加载驱动类:
try {
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
//创建连接和传令官对象
Connection conn=null;
PreparedStatement psmt=null;
try {
conn=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/schools?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=GBK ", "root", "123456");//其中127.0.0.1是本机的IP地址,schools是要操作的数据库的名字,root是数据库用户名,后面的是密码。
String sql="insert into student(studentno,studentname,birthday) values(?,?,?)";
psmt=conn.prepareStatement(sql);
psmt.setInt(1, student.getStudentno());
psmt.setString(2, student.getStudentname());
psmt.setString(3, student.getBirthday());
//执行sql
psmt.executeUpdate();
System.out.println("ok");
} catch (SQLException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
try {
//关闭资源
psmt.close();
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
数据库的增删改写法基本类似,只是
String sql=”insert into student(studentno,studentname,birthday) values(?,?,?)”;中的语句不同而已;
关于查找,除了要在数据库中找到数据,还要有接收返回数据的容器,就用到resultSet;
代码如下,一般用集合接收返回的值,然后再显示出来
public ArrayList<Student> searchStudentByStudentno(int studentno) {
ArrayList<Student> students=new ArrayList<>();
try {
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
Connection conn=null;
PreparedStatement psaa=null;
ResultSet rrs=null;
try {
conn=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/schools?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=GBK", "root", "123456");
String sql="select studentno,studentname ,birthday from student where studentno=?";
psaa=conn.prepareStatement(sql);
psaa.setInt(1, studentno);
//接收结果
rrs=psaa.executeQuery();
while (rrs.next()) {
int studentno1=rrs.getInt(1);
String studentname=rrs.getString(2);
String birthday=rrs.getString(3);
Student student=new Student(studentno1, studentname, birthday);
students.add(student);
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
try {
rrs.close();
psaa.close();
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return students;
}
select studentno,studentname ,birthday from student where studentno=?这条语句中,where条件可以有多个,不过方法中的形参数量也要随之增加。
测试类的写法
StudentDao studao=new StudentDao();
//增加一名学生
Student student=new Student(6, "神乐", "1999-2-3");
studao.addStudent(student);
//查找
ArrayList<Student> students=studao.searchStudentByStudentno(6);
for (Student student : students) {
System.out.println(student.getStudentno()+" "+student.getStudentname()+" "+student.getBirthday());
}