python联合opencv实现图像的二值化处理阈值可视化分析

广义来看，在python中比较常用的主要是opencv,pil两个第三库，对比来看的话，opencv使用要更加的方便实用而且灵活。当然也可以都采用，对比分析其各自的效果。

阈值可视化原理：
设置一个阈值，低于该阈值的像素置为0(黑色)，高于该阈值的像素置为255(白色)。
基本函数原理实用方法：
cv2.threshold(src, thresh, maxval, type)

src：表示的是图片源
thresh：表示的是阈值（分割值）
maxval：表示的是最大值
type：表示的是这里划分的时候使用的算法类型主要有以下五种：
cv2.THRESH_BINARY
cv2.THRESH_BINARY_INV
cv2.THRESH_TRUNC
cv2.THRESH_TOZERO
cv2.THRESH_TOZERO_INV
也就是说类型不同，对应的五种算子，结果输出会有所差异。
cv2.threshold（）该函数有两个返回值，第一个retVal（得到的阈值），第二个就是阈值化后的图像。

#!/usr/bin/env python 
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# Author's_name_is_NIKOLA_SS

import cv2
import numpy as np

# 全局阈值
def threshold_demo(image):
    gray = cv2.cvtColor(image, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
    # ret, binary = cv2.threshold(gray,0,255,cv2.THRESH_BINARY | cv2.THRESH_OTSU)
    # ret, binary = cv2.threshold(gray, 0, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY | cv2.THRESH_TRIANGLE)
    # ret, binary = cv2.threshold(gray, 127, 255, cv2.THRESH_TRUNC)
    ret, binary = cv2.threshold(gray, 127, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY)
    print("阈值：", ret)
    cv2.imshow("binary", binary)

# 局部阈值
def local_threshold(image):
    gray = cv2.cvtColor(image,cv2.COLOR_BGRA2GRAY)
    # binary = cv2.adaptiveThreshold(gray, 255, cv2.ADAPTIVE_THRESH_MEAN_C,cv2.THRESH_BINARY,25,10)
    binary = cv2.adaptiveThreshold(gray, 255, cv2.ADAPTIVE_THRESH_GAUSSIAN_C, cv2.THRESH_BINARY, 25, 10)
    cv2.imshow("binary ", binary)

def custom_threshold(image):
    gray = cv2.cvtColor(image,cv2.COLOR_BGRA2GRAY)
    h, w = gray.shape[:2]
    m = np.reshape(gray, [1, w*h])
    mean = m.sum()/(w*h)
    # binary = cv2.adaptiveThreshold(gray, 255, cv2.ADAPTIVE_THRESH_MEAN_C,cv2.THRESH_BINARY,25,10)
    ret, binary = cv2.threshold(gray, mean, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY)
    cv2.imshow("binary ", binary)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    img = cv2.imread(r"W:\PY\PYDD\ffgg\c.jpg")#读取文件图片
    cv2.namedWindow("input image", cv2.WINDOW_AUTOSIZE)
    cv2.imshow("input image", img)
    custom_threshold(img)
    cv2.waitKey(0)
    cv2.destroyAllWindows()

部分参考来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/qianxia/p/11093722.html
通用效果如图：

local:局部阈值效果图

全局阈值效果图：


不同算子对比：在custom情况下，改变算子。

ret, binary = cv2.threshold(gray, mean, 255, cv2.THRESH_TRUNC)

ret, binary = cv2.threshold(gray, mean, 255, cv2.THRESH_TOZERO)

ret, binary = cv2.threshold(gray, mean, 255, cv2.THRESH_TOZERO_INV)
ret, binary = cv2.threshold(gray, mean, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY)算子：

ret, binary = cv2.threshold(gray, mean, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY_INV)