Docker 学习笔记 1 - 基础知识

最新推荐文章于 2023-05-31 09:03:55 发布

立冬的天蝎

最新推荐文章于 2023-05-31 09:03:55 发布

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分类专栏： Docker 文章标签： Docker

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/dongli_816/article/details/78347104

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1. docker 组件：

1. Docker client， Docker server（daemon, container) C/S 架构

2. Docker Image

3. Registry ( Dokcer Hub)

4. Docker container

2. 什么是Docker：一个镜像格式，一系列标准的操作，一个执行环境。

3. cdDocker 安装

只支持 64bit

Kernal: 3.8 以上

dongli@ubuntu:~$ uname -a

Linux ubuntu 4.4.0-31-generic #50-Ubuntu SMP Wed Jul 13 00:07:12 UTC 2016 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

dongli@ubuntu:~$

第一次添加Docker的repository到你的本地秘钥库

sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 36A1D7869245C8950F966E92D8576A8BA88D21E9

将Docker添加到你的apt软件安装源中，然后update和install lxc-docker，期间会遇到一个警告，说这个包不可靠，你只需要回复yes然后继续安装就可以了！

sudo sh -c "echo deb http://get.docker.io/ubuntu docker main > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list"
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install lxc-docker

进入 DEBUG mode： DEBUG=1 docker -d

4. 查看docker程序是否存在

dongli@ubuntu:~$ sudo docker info

Containers: 0

Images: 0

Server Version: 1.9.1

Storage Driver: aufs

Root Dir: /var/lib/docker/aufs

Backing Filesystem: extfs

Dirs: 0

Dirperm1 Supported: true

Execution Driver: native-0.2

Logging Driver: json-file

Kernel Version: 4.4.0-31-generic

Operating System: Ubuntu 16.04.1 LTS (containerized)

CPUs: 2

Total Memory: 1.937 GiB

Name: ubuntu

ID: H7FQ:ZCAP:UPBA:BRPV:TQMZ:BYDK:VEBF:HWYH:KQLF:TQIC:TY7M:CR6W

WARNING: No swap limit support

5. 启动docker：

Sudo docker run -i -t ubuntu /bin/sh

-i: 保证容器中的STDIN是开启的

-t: 持久的标准输入是交互式shell的‘半边天’， -t 标注则是另外的‘半边天’它告诉dockere为要创建的容器分配一个伪tty终端。

ubuntu：使用ubuntu镜像。为基础镜像。

7. 查看容器列表:

Sudo docker ps -a

dongli@ubuntu:~$ sudo docker ps -a

CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES

4f320c5dc241 ubuntu "/bin/bash" 2 days ago Created cranky_bhabha

8022d81a6aeb ubuntu "/bin/bash" 2 days ago Created stoic_raman

8. 重新启动一个容器：

dongli@ubuntu:~$ sudo docker start 4f320c5dc241

4f320c5dc241

dongli@ubuntu:~$ sudo docker ps

CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES

4f320c5dc241 ubuntu "/bin/bash" 2 days ago Up 11 seconds cranky_bhabha

9. 附着到容器上：

dongli@ubuntu:~$ sudo docker attach 4f320c5dc241

root@4f320c5dc241:/#

第一个容器：

root@4f320c5dc241:/# hostname

4f320c5dc241

root@4f320c5dc241:/# cat /etc/hosts

172.17.0.2 4f320c5dc241

127.0.0.1 localhost

::1 localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback

fe00::0 ip6-localnet

ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix

ff02::1 ip6-allnodes

ff02::2 ip6-allrouters

root@4f320c5dc241:/# ip a

bash: ip: command not found

root@4f320c5dc241:/# ps -ef

UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD

root 1 0 0 14:53 ? 00:00:00 /bin/bash

root 16 1 0 15:01 ? 00:00:00 ps -ef

root@4f320c5dc241:/# ps -aux

USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND

root 1 0.0 0.1 18240 3176 ? Ss 14:53 0:00 /bin/bash

root 17 0.0 0.1 34424 2796 ? R+ 15:01 0:00 ps -aux

root@4f320c5dc241:/# apt-get update && apt-get install vim // install VIM

10. 创建守护式容器：

适合运行应用程序和服务

dongli@ubuntu:/etc$ sudo docker run --name daemon_dave -d ubuntu /bin/sh -c "while true; do echo Hello Word; sleep 1; done"

755bea0d27809e5b1eac192127a43f3842c0e2fd1a3f86395bd585fa7a8e0761

11. 查看容器在干什么:

dongli@ubuntu:/etc$ sudo docker logs daemon_dave

Hello Word

dongli@ubuntu:/etc$ sudo docker logs -f daemon_dave类似tail -f

12. 查看容器中的进程：

Sudo docker top daemon_dave

在容器内部运行进程：

dongli@ubuntu:/etc$ sudo docker exec -d daemon_dave touch /etc/new_config_file

可以打开shell交互式任务

dongli@ubuntu:/etc$ sudo docker exec -t -i daemon_dave /bin/bash

root@755bea0d2780:/#

13. 停止守护式容器：

Sudo docker stop daemin_dave

14. 自动重启容器：

Docker run 增加参数 --restart = always/on-failure

Always 无论退出代码是什么都会重启

On-failure 退出代码非0 重启

15. 深入容器：

dongli@ubuntu:~$ sudo docker inspect daemon_dave

[

{

"Id": "755bea0d27809e5b1eac192127a43f3842c0e2fd1a3f86395bd585fa7a8e0761",

"Created": "2016-09-04T11:36:17.075016843Z",

"Path": "/bin/sh",

"Args": [

"-c",

"while true; do echo Hello Word; sleep 1; done"

"State": {

"Status": "exited",

"Running": false,

"Paused": false,

"Restarting": false,

"OOMKilled": false,

"Dead": false,

"Pid": 0,

"ExitCode": 137,

"Error": "",

"StartedAt": "2016-09-04T11:36:17.206658605Z",

"FinishedAt": "2016-09-04T11:46:15.00822756Z"

Docker inspect 对容器详细检查，并返回配置信息。

产看指定信息 -f 或者 --format

dongli@ubuntu:~$ sudo docker inspect --format='{{.State.Running}}' daemon_dave

false

dongli@ubuntu:~$ sudo docker inspect --format='{{.Name}} {{.State.Running}}' daemon_dave cranky_bhabha

/daemon_dave false

/cranky_bhabha false

16. 删除容器：

Sudo docker rm

17. Docker 镜像

最低端是一个文件引导系统，即bootfs

第二层root文件系统

创建容器时， Docker会构建一个镜像栈，并在栈的最顶端添加一个读写层。

18. 列出镜像

sudo docker images

19. 拉取镜像

Sudo docker pull <image name>

20. 查找镜像

dongli@ubuntu:~$ sudo docker search puppet

[sudo] password for dongli:

NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED

macadmins/puppetmaster Simple puppetmaster based on CentOS 6 22 [OK]

devopsil/puppet Dockerfile for a container with puppet ins... 18 [OK]

macadmins/munki-puppet Basic munki nginx image with Puppet used f... 7 [OK]

21. 构建镜像

1）docker commit

Docker build 和 dockerfile // 建议使用

21.1创建docker hub 账号

sudo docker login like cvs login 信息会存在.dockercfg

21.2 用docker的commit命令创建镜像

创建一个容器

Sudo docker run -I -t ubuntu /bin/bash

配置容器

例如安装apache2 并启动WEB 服务

Exit退出容器
Sudo docker commit <container id> <remote container name>

Sudo docker commit 4aab3asdfadf jamtur01/apache2

sudo docker commit -m="A new custom image" --author="Edgar Li" 4aab3asdfadf jamtur01/apache2:webserver

查看镜像详细信息：

Sudo docker inspect jamtur01/apache2:webserver

如何使用新的镜像

Sudo docker run -t -i jamtur01/apache2:webserver /bin/bash

21.3 用Dockerfile构建镜像

Dockerfile 基于DSL语言

Dockerfile:

dongli@ubuntu:~/Docker/static_web$ cat Dockerfile

#Version :0.0.1

FROM ubuntu:14.04 <- 指明了基础镜像

MAINTAINER Edgar Li " dongli@nokia-sbell.com" <- 指明了作者

RUN apt-get update <-run 指令，更新apt，安装nginx，创建了 index.html

RUN apt-get install -y nginx

RUN echo 'Hi,I am in your container' \

> /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html

EXPOSE 80 <-指明 docker 端口

dongli@ubuntu:~/Docker/static_web$ sudo docker build -t="static_web:v1" .

Sending build context to Docker daemon 2.048 kB

Step 1 : FROM ubuntu:14.04

14.04: Pulling from library/ubuntu

bc2dc606ff95: Downloading 8.109 MB/67.11 MB

bc2dc606ff95: Pull complete

e1d4630ab77c: Pull complete

978638602519: Pull complete

f7b341b43ddd: Pull complete

701e05e0f5d6: Pull complete

e5ada6f7fa49: Pull complete

Digest: sha256:3e8f7386492c772d2135cae0ef0e30efe5586b84f463a61d4f8a264f99107952

Status: Downloaded newer image for ubuntu:14.04

---> e5ada6f7fa49

Step 2 : MAINTAINER Edgar Li " dongli@nokia-sbell.com"

---> Running in dd45d0fee8da

---> 58ccd7d7199e

Removing intermediate container dd45d0fee8da

Step 3 : RUN apt-get update

---> Running in 5ff595c15925

。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。

Fetched 21.1 MB in 1min 42s (206 kB/s)

Reading package lists...

---> 96073c6fc657

Removing intermediate container 5ff595c15925

Step 4 : RUN apt-get install -y nginx

---> Running in f1c78f00753b

Reading package lists...

Building dependency tree...

Reading state information...

The following extra packages will be installed:

fontconfig-config fonts-dejavu-core geoip-database libfontconfig1

libfreetype6 libgd3 libgeoip1 libjbig0 libjpeg-turbo8 libjpeg8 libtiff5

libvpx1 libx11-6 libx11-data libxau6 libxcb1 libxdmcp6 libxml2 libxpm4

libxslt1.1 nginx-common nginx-core sgml-base xml-core

Suggested packages:

libgd-tools geoip-bin fcgiwrap nginx-doc sgml-base-doc debhelper

The following NEW packages will be installed:

fontconfig-config fonts-dejavu-core geoip-database libfontconfig1

libfreetype6 libgd3 libgeoip1 libjbig0 libjpeg-turbo8 libjpeg8 libtiff5

libvpx1 libx11-6 libx11-data libxau6 libxcb1 libxdmcp6 libxml2 libxpm4

libxslt1.1 nginx nginx-common nginx-core sgml-base xml-core

0 upgraded, 25 newly installed, 0 to remove and 5 not upgraded.

Need to get 5589 kB of archives.

After this operation, 19.8 MB of additional disk space will be used.

。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。

Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-16) ...

Setting up nginx-core (1.4.6-1ubuntu3.8) ...

invoke-rc.d: policy-rc.d denied execution of start.

Setting up nginx (1.4.6-1ubuntu3.8) ...

Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.19-0ubuntu6.13) ...

Processing triggers for sgml-base (1.26+nmu4ubuntu1) ...

---> 44516fcf099c

Removing intermediate container f1c78f00753b

Step 5 : RUN echo 'Hi,I am in your container' > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html

---> Running in 8146e4ea840a

---> 3099173f8348

Removing intermediate container 8146e4ea840a

Step 6 : EXPOSE 80

---> Running in 82293929b2f9

---> 3978b420f894

Removing intermediate container 82293929b2f9

Successfully built 3978b420f894

查看新镜像:

dongli@ubuntu:~/Docker/static_web$ sudo docker images

REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE

static_web v1 3978b420f894 4 minutes ago 229.9 MB

ubuntu 14.04 e5ada6f7fa49 5 weeks ago 188 MB

ubuntu latest ae81bbda2b6c 14 months ago 126.6 MB

fedora 20 fc9f2c0fc04b 16 months ago 290.6 MB

从新镜像启动容器：

dongli@ubuntu:~/Docker/static_web$ sudo docker run -d -p 80 --name static_web static_web:v1 nginx -g "daemon off;"

a313eeb76ca22215c56624fa1dc0ea10eda7bd5546f0be554d74f8e07a933f0a

dongli@ubuntu:~/Docker/static_web$ sudo docker run -d -p 127.0.0.1::80 --name static_web static_web:v1 nginx -g "daemon off;"

0ed2482d4248b63ac832f7607bae9a48dfc5fdb669a33d69c14f8c88b2684828

dongli@ubuntu:~/Docker/static_web$

dongli@ubuntu:~/Docker/static_web$ sudo docker ps -l

CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES

0ed2482d4248 static_web:v1 "nginx -g 'daemon off" 21 seconds ago Up 20 seconds 127.0.0.1:32768->80/tcp static_web

dongli@ubuntu:~/Docker/static_web$ curl 127.0.0.1:32768

Hi,I am in your container

dongli@ubuntu:~/Docker/static_web$

22. Dockerfile 指令：

1. CMD

#Version :0.0.1

FROM ubuntu:14.04

MAINTAINER Edgar Li " dongli@nokia-sbell.com"

CMD ["/bin/bash","-l"]

可以被docker run 中的命令覆盖

只能有一条

2. ENTRYPOINT

不会docker run 覆盖

#Version :0.0.1

FROM static_web:v1

MAINTAINER Edgar Li " dongli@nokia-sbell.com"

ENTRYPOINT ["/usr/sbin/nginx"]

dongli@ubuntu:~/Docker/test$ sudo docker run -d -p 127.0.0.1::80 --name test test -g "daemon off;" （等同 sudo docker run -d -p 127.0.0.1::80 --name test test nginx -g "daemon off;"

6742699ca88ceb06b7b53af48bb1af589a7777c8a53e1b3519220c45d25d7f03

dongli@ubuntu:~/Docker/test$ sudo docker ps

CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES

6742699ca88c test "/usr/sbin/nginx -g '" 7 seconds ago Up 6 seconds 127.0.0.1:32771->80/tcp test

dongli@ubuntu:~/Docker/test$ curl 127.0.0.1:32771

Hi,I am in your container

dongli@ubuntu:~/Docker/test$

docker run 命令中指定的任何参数都会被当作参数再次传递给ENTRYPOINT指令中的指定的命令。

3. WORKDIR

创建一个新容器时，在容器内部设置一个工作目录，ENTRYPOINT和 CMD指定的程序会在这个目录下执行。

WORKDIR /opt/webapp/db

RUN bundle install

WORKDIR /opt/webapp

ENTRYPOINT ["rackup"]

docker run -w /var/log(覆盖工作目录）

4. ENV

指定构建环境变量

ENV RVM_PATH /home/rvm

RUN gem install unicorn -> RVM_PATH=/home/rvm gem install unicorn

ENV TARGET_DIR /opt/app

WORKDIR $TARGET_DIR

docker run -e "WEB_PORT=8080" -e: 传递环境变量

5. USER

指定镜像会以什么样的用户去运行

USER user

USER user:group

USER uid

USER uid:gid

USER user:gid

USER uid:group

docker run -u : 指定用户。不指定default： root

6. VOLUME

指令用于向基于镜像创建的容器添加卷。

6.1 卷可以在容器间共享和重用

6.2 一个容器可以不是必须和其他容器共享卷

6.3 对卷的修改是立时生效的

6.4 对卷的修改不会对更新镜像产生影响

6.5 卷会一直存在直到没有任何容器再使用它。

VOLUME ["/opt/project","/data"]

7. ADD

将构建环境下的文件和目录复制到镜像中。

ADD software.lic /opt/application/software.lic

ADD http://word.com/latest.zip /root/latest.zip //目前docker 不支持以URL方式指定的源位置中使用归档文件

ADD latest.tar.gz /root //会自动解压，如果有文件一存在，不会覆盖

ADD 使得构建缓存变得无效。

8. COPY

类似ADD，但是不会解压和提取文件。所有文件挥着目录都要与Dockerfile在同一目录

9. ONBUILD

为镜像添加触发器

#Version :0.0.1

FROM static_web:v1

MAINTAINER Edgar Li " dongli@test.com"

ONBUILD ADD . /app/src

dongli@ubuntu:~/Docker/test$ sudo docker build -t="test" .

Sending build context to Docker daemon 2.048 kB

Step 1 : FROM static_web:v1

---> 3978b420f894

Step 2 : MAINTAINER Edgar Li " dongli@test.com"

---> Running in d0cb19334714

---> 1e07c15a9c10

Removing intermediate container d0cb19334714

Step 3 : ONBUILD add.

---> Running in 37b812a8d6b1

---> 98b5da40769f

Removing intermediate container 37b812a8d6b1

Successfully built 98b5da40769f

dongli@ubuntu:~/Docker/test2$ cat Dockerfile

#Version :0.0.1

FROM test

MAINTAINER Edgar Li " dongli@test.com"

dongli@ubuntu:~/Docker/test2$ sudo docker build -t="test2" .

Sending build context to Docker daemon 2.048 kB

Step 1 : FROM test

# Executing 1 build trigger...

Step 1 : ADD . /app https://web.sogou.com/?11661-0026

/src

---> 8b87ef7392ab

Removing intermediate container 9047e89ccbc1

Step 2 : MAINTAINER Edgar Li " dongli@test.com"

---> Running in 7b6eb880dd7b

---> bffc2b3f7280

Removing intermediate container 7b6eb880dd7b

Successfully built bffc2b3f7280

23. 将镜像推送到Docker Hub

sudo docker push static_web

24. 删除jingxiang

sudo docker rmi <docker name>

25. 运行自己的Docker Registry

dongli@ubuntu:~/Docker/test2$ sudo docker run -d -p 127.0.0.1:5000:5000 registry

dongli@ubuntu:~$ sudo docker tag 3978b420f894 127.0.0.1:5000/static_web

dongli@ubuntu:~$ sudo docker push 127.0.0.1:5000/static_web

The push refers to a repository [127.0.0.1:5000/static_web] (len: 1)

3978b420f894: Pushed

3099173f8348: Pushed

44516fcf099c: Pushed

96073c6fc657: Pushed

58ccd7d7199e: Pushed

701e05e0f5d6: Pushed

f7b341b43ddd: Pushed

978638602519: Pushed

e1d4630ab77c: Pushed

bc2dc606ff95: Pushed

latest: digest: sha256:d84bc72789021de239150992d79d2a231d71ed7c8b4a6d5a90a35b2f067b03a3 size: 13360

dongli@ubuntu:~$ sudo docker run -t -i 127.0.0.1:5000/static_web /bin/bash

root@a3ff6b024abe:/#

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Docker 学习笔记 1 - 基础知识

1. docker 组件：1. Docker client， Docker server（daemon, container) C/S 架构2. Docker Image3. Registry ( Dokcer Hub)4. Docker container2. 什么是Docker：一个镜像格式，一系列标准的操作，一个执行环境。
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