字典的定义:
dict = {'Alice': '2341', 'Beth': '9102', 'Cecil': '3258'}
dict1 = { 'abc': 456 };
dict2 = { 'abc': 123, 98.6: 37 };
dict3={}
访问字典的值:
dict = {'Name': 'Zara', 'Age': 7, 'Class': 'First'};
print "dict['Name']: ", dict['Name'];
print "dict['Age']: ", dict['Age'];
#result
dict['Name']: Zara
dict['Age']: 7
在访问字典中的值时,如果键不存在,将会出现异常:
dict = {'Name': 'Zara', 'Age': 7, 'Class': 'First'};
print "dict['Alice']: ", dict['Alice'];
#result
dict['Zara']:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "test.py", line 4, in <module>
print "dict['Alice']: ", dict['Alice'];
KeyError: 'Alice'
更新一个字典:
dict = {'Name': 'Zara', 'Age': 7, 'Class': 'First'};
dict['Age'] = 8; # update existing entry
dict['School'] = "DPS School"; # Add new entry
print "dict['Age']: ", dict['Age'];
print "dict['School']: ", dict['School'];
#result
dict['Age']: 8
dict['School']: DPS School
删除字典的元素:
dict = {'Name': 'Zara', 'Age': 7, 'Class': 'First'};
del dict['Name']; # remove entry with key 'Name'
dict.clear(); # remove all entries in dict
del dict ; # delete entire dictionary
print "dict['Age']: ", dict['Age'];
print "dict['School']: ", dict['School'];
#result
dict['Age']:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "test.py", line 8, in <module>
print "dict['Age']: ", dict['Age'];
TypeError: 'type' object is unsubscriptable
字典中元素的键重复后,前面那个键的值将被后面的覆盖:
dict = {'Name': 'Zara', 'Age': 7, 'Name': 'Manni'};
print "dict['Name']: ", dict['Name'];
#result
dict['Name']: Manni
字典中元素的键值必须是不可变的,键只能是数字,字符串和元组。
dict = {['Name']: 'Zara', 'Age': 7};
print "dict['Name']: ", dict['Name'];
#result
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "test.py", line 3, in <module>
dict = {['Name']: 'Zara', 'Age': 7};
TypeError: list objects are unhashable
字典中常用的方法:
SN | Methods with Description |
---|---|
1 | dict.clear() Removes all elements of dictionary dict |
2 | dict.copy() Returns a shallow copy of dictionary dict |
3 | dict.fromkeys() Create a new dictionary with keys from seq and values set to value. |
4 | dict.get(key, default=None) For key key, returns value or default if key not in dictionary |
5 | dict.has_key(key) Returns true if key in dictionary dict, false otherwise |
6 | dict.items() Returns a list of dict's (key, value) tuple pairs |
7 | dict.keys() Returns list of dictionary dict's keys |
8 | dict.setdefault(key, default=None) Similar to get(), but will set dict[key]=default if key is not already in dict |
9 | dict.update(dict2) Adds dictionary dict2's key-values pairs to dict |
10 | dict.values() Returns list of dictionary dict's values |
SN | Function with Description |
---|---|
1 | cmp(dict1, dict2) Compares elements of both dict. |
2 | len(dict) Gives the total length of the dictionary. This would be equal to the number of items in the dictionary. |
3 | str(dict) Produces a printable string representation of a dictionary |
4 | type(variable) Returns the type of the passed variable. If passed variable is dictionary, then it would return a dictionary type. |