文章目录
JPA
- JPA(Java Persistence API)Java持久化 API,是一套基于ORM思想的规范。
- 优势
1、标准化
2、对容器级特性的支持
3、简单易用,集成方便
4、可媲美JDBC的查询能力
5、支持面向对象的高级特性
使用Spring Boot整合JPA
一、创建项目JPADemo
二、创建对象关系映射(orm)实体类
创建评论实体类Comment
- 创建bean子包
package net.lj.lesson07.bean;
import javax.persistence.*;
/**
* 评论实体类
*/
@Entity(name = "t_comment")//实体类注释,对应数据表
public class Comment {
@Id//主键
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)//填充值策略
@Column(name = "id")//字段绑定
private Integer id;
@Column(name = "content")
private String content;
@Column(name = "author")
private String author;
@Column(name = "a_id")
private Integer aId;
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getContent() {
return content;
}
public void setContent(String content) {
this.content = content;
}
public String getAuthor() {
return author;
}
public void setAuthor(String author) {
this.author = author;
}
public Integer getaId() {
return aId;
}
public void setaId(Integer aId) {
this.aId = aId;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Comment{" +
"id=" + id +
", content='" + content + '\'' +
", author='" + author + '\'' +
", aId=" + aId +
'}';
}
}
创建文章实体类Article
package net.lj.lesson07.bean;
import javax.persistence.*;
import java.util.List;
/**
* 文章实体类
*/
@Entity(name = "t_article") //实体注解
public class Article {
@Id//主键
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)//填充值策略
@Column(name = "id") //绑定字段
private Integer id;
@Column(name = "title")
private String title;
@Column(name = "content")
private String content;
//查询时一并查询子表
@OneToMany(fetch = FetchType.EAGER)//一对多
@JoinTable(name = "t_comment",joinColumns = {@JoinColumn(name = "a_id")},
inverseJoinColumns = {@JoinColumn(name = "id")})//关联表、关联字段、主键
private List<Comment> commentList;
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getTitle() {
return title;
}
public void setTitle(String title) {
this.title = title;
}
public String getContent() {
return content;
}
public void setContent(String content) {
this.content = content;
}
public List<Comment> getCommentList() {
return commentList;
}
public void setCommentList(List<Comment> commentList) {
this.commentList = commentList;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Article{" +
"id=" + id +
", title='" + title + '\'' +
", content='" + content + '\'' +
", commentList=" + commentList +
'}';
}
}
三、创建自定义JpaRepository接口ArticleRepository
- 创建repository子包
package net.lj.lesson07.repository;
import net.lj.lesson07.bean.Article;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
/**
* 文章仓库接口
*/
public interface ArticleRepository extends JpaRepository<Article,Integer> {
}
四、添加数据源依赖,配置数据源属性
在pom里添加依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>1.2.6</version>
</dependency>
在全局配置文件里配置数据源
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/blog?serverTimezone=UTC&useSSL=false
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=123456
spring.datasource.druid.max-active=100
spring.datasource.druid.min-idle=10
spring.datasource.druid.initial-size=20
五、编写测试方法
package net.lj.lesson07;
import net.lj.lesson07.bean.Article;
import net.lj.lesson07.repository.ArticleRepository;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import java.util.List;
@SpringBootTest
class JpaDemoApplicationTests {
@Autowired //注入文章仓库
private ArticleRepository articleRepository;
@Test//查询所有文章
public void testFindAll(){
//查询所有文章记录
List<Article> articles = articleRepository.findAll();
articles.forEach(article -> System.out.println(article));
}
}
启动测试
JPA实现个性化操作
创建评论仓库接口CommentRepository
package net.lj.lesson07.repository;
import net.lj.lesson07.bean.Comment;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Page;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Pageable;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Query;
/**
* 评论仓库接口
*/
public interface CommentRepository extends JpaRepository<Comment, Integer> {
/**
* 根据文章ID进行分页查询评论
* nativeQuery = true 表示使用原生SQL语句,否则使用HQL语句
* @param aId 查询条件字母(文章编号)
* @param pageable 可分页对象,分页查询需要该参数
* @return 返回page独享,包含page的相关信息及查询结果集
*/
@Query(value = "select * from t_comment where a_id=?1",nativeQuery = true)
Page<Comment> findCommentPagedByArticleId01(Integer aId, Pageable pageable);
/**
根据文章ID进行分页查询评论
* 没有设置nativeQuery,使用HQL语句
* @param aId
* @param pageable
* @return
*/
@Query(value = "select c from t_comment c where c.aId=?1")
Page<Comment> findCommentPagedByArticleId02(Integer aId, Pageable pageable);
}
创建测试类CommentTests
package net.lj.lesson07;
import net.lj.lesson07.bean.Comment;
import net.lj.lesson07.repository.CommentRepository;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Page;
import org.springframework.data.domain.PageRequest;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Pageable;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Sort;
import java.util.List;
@SpringBootTest
public class CommentTests {
@Autowired
private CommentRepository commentRepository;
@Test //采用原生SQL语句测试按文章编号分类查询评论
public void testFindCommentPagedByArticleId01() {
// 当前页面索引
int pageIndex = 1;
// 设置页面大小
int pageSize = 2;//没页最多两条记录
//设置排序方式为降序
Sort.Direction sort = Sort.Direction.DESC;
// 创建分页器(页面索引、页面大小、排序方式、排序字段)
Pageable pageable = PageRequest.of(pageIndex, pageSize,sort,"id");
// 查询文章编号为1的页面对象
Page<Comment> page = commentRepository.findCommentPagedByArticleId01(1, pageable);
// 获取页面对象里的评论列表
List<Comment> comments = page.getContent();
// 获取页索引
int number = page.getNumber();
// 获取总页数
int totalPages = page.getTotalPages();
System.out.println("当前页:" + (number + 1)); // 页索引加1才是页码
System.out.println("总页数:" + totalPages);
// 输出当前页全部评论
for (Comment comment : comments) {
System.out.println(comment);
}
}
}
启动测试