【 数据结构】实现二叉树以及其基本操作

//实现二叉树以及其基本操作

//头文件
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;


template<class Type>
class Bintree;


template<class Type>
class BintreeNode
{
	friend class Bintree<Type>;
public:
	BintreeNode() :data(Type()), leftchild(NULL), rightchild(NULL)
	{}
	BintreeNode(Type d, BintreeNode<Type> *left = NULL, BintreeNode<Type> *right = NULL) : data(d), leftchild(left), rightchild(right)
	{}
	//~BintreeNode();
private:
	BintreeNode<Type> *leftchild;
	BintreeNode<Type> *rightchild;
	Type              data;
};


template<class Type>
class Bintree
{
public:
	Bintree() :Ref(Type()), root(NULL)
	{}
	Bintree(Type ref, BintreeNode<Type> *_root = NULL) : Ref(ref), root(_root)
	{}
	//~Bintree();
public:
	void CreatBintree()
	{
		CreatBintree(root);
	}


	void PreOrder()
	{
		PreOrder(root);
	}


	void InOrder()
	{
		InOrder(root);
	}


	void PostOrder()
	{
		PostOrder(root);
	}


	int Height()
	{
		return Height(root);
	}
	int Size()
	{
		return Size(root);
	}
	BintreeNode<Type>* Search(Type const key)
	{
		return Search(root, key);
	}
	BintreeNode<Type>* PreOrder_Find(Type const key)
	{
		return  PreOrder_Find(root, key);
	}
	BintreeNode<Type>* InOrder_Find(Type const key)
	{
		return InOrder_Find(root, key);
	}
	BintreeNode<Type>* PostOrder_Find(Type const key)
	{
		return PostOrder_Find(root, key);
	}
	BintreeNode<Type>* Parent(BintreeNode <Type> *p)
	{
		return Parent(root, p);
	}


	BintreeNode<Type>* Leftchild(Type  key)
	{
		return Leftchild(root, key);
	}
	BintreeNode<Type>* Rightchild(Type  key)
	{
		return Rightchild(root, key);
	}
	void quit_system(int &a)
	{
		a = quit_system();
	}
	BintreeNode<Type>* Root()
	{
		return Root(root);
	}
	bool IsEmpty()
	{
		return IsEmpty(root);
	}
	void Destory()
	{
		Destory(root);
	}




protected:
	void CreatBintree(BintreeNode<Type> *&t)            //创造树
	{
		Type input;
		cin >> input;
		if (input == Ref)
		{
			t = NULL;
		}
		else
		{
			t = new BintreeNode<Type>(input);
			CreatBintree(t->leftchild);
			CreatBintree(t->rightchild);
		}
	}


	void PreOrder(const BintreeNode<Type> *t)       //前序
	{
		if (t == NULL)
		{
			return;
		}
		else
		{
			cout << t->data << "  ";
			PreOrder(t->leftchild);
			PreOrder(t->rightchild);
		}
	}


	void InOrder(const BintreeNode<Type> *t)        //中序
	{
		if (t == NULL)
		{
			return;
		}
		else
		{
			InOrder(t->leftchild);
			cout << t->data << "  ";
			InOrder(t->rightchild);
		}
	}


	void PostOrder(const BintreeNode<Type> *t)     //后序
	{
		if (t == NULL)
		{
			return;
		}
		else
		{
			PostOrder(t->leftchild);
			PostOrder(t->rightchild);
			cout << t->data << "  ";
		}
	}


	int Height(const BintreeNode<Type> *t)        //树的高度
	{
		if (t == NULL)
			return 0;
		return (Height(t->leftchild) >Height(t->rightchild)) ?( Height(t->leftchild)+1) :( Height(t->rightchild)+1);
	}


	int Size(const BintreeNode<Type> *t)          //树的大小
	{
		if (t == NULL)
			return 0;
		else
		{
			return (Size(t->leftchild)+Size(t->rightchild)+1);	
		}
	}


	BintreeNode<Type> * Search(BintreeNode<Type>* t, Type const k)     //查找
	{
		if (t == NULL )
			return NULL;
		if (t->data == k)
			return t;
		BintreeNode<Type> *p;
		if ((p = Search(t->leftchild, k)) != NULL)
			;
		else
			Search(t->rightchild, k);
	}


	BintreeNode<Type>* PreOrder_Find(BintreeNode<Type>* t, Type const key)          //前序查找
	{
		if (t == NULL)
			return NULL;
		if (t->data == key)
			return t;
		BintreeNode<Type> *p;
		if ((p = PreOrder_Find(t->leftchild, key)) != NULL)
			;
		else
			PreOrder_Find(t->rightchild, key);
	}


	BintreeNode<Type>* InOrder_Find(BintreeNode<Type>* t, Type const key)          //中序查找
	{
		if (t == NULL)
			return NULL;
		BintreeNode<Type> *p;
		if ((p = InOrder_Find(t->leftchild, key)) != NULL)
			;
		else if (t->data == key)
			return t;
		else
			InOrder_Find(t->rightchild, key);
	}


	BintreeNode<Type>* PostOrder_Find(BintreeNode<Type>* t, Type const key)          //后序查找
	{
		if (t == NULL)
			return NULL;
		BintreeNode<Type> *p;
		BintreeNode<Type> *q;
		if ((p = PostOrder_Find(t->leftchild, key)) != NULL)
			;
		else if ((q = PostOrder_Find(t->rightchild, key)) != NULL)
			;
		else
		if (t->data == key)
			return t;
	}


	BintreeNode<Type>* Parent(BintreeNode<Type>* t, BintreeNode<Type>* q)    //查找父节点
	{
		if (t == NULL)
			return NULL;
		if (q == t || q == t->leftchild || q == t->rightchild)
			return t;
		BintreeNode<Type>* p;
		if ((p = Parent(t->leftchild, q))!= NULL)
			return p;
		else
			return Parent(t->rightchild, q);
	}


	BintreeNode<Type>* Leftchild(BintreeNode<Type>* t, Type const key)  //查找左孩子
	{
		if (t == NULL)
			return NULL;
		BintreeNode<Type>*p = Search(t, key);
		if ( p->leftchild == NULL)
			return NULL;
		return (p->leftchild);
	}


	BintreeNode<Type>* Rightchild(BintreeNode<Type>* t, Type const key)  //查找右孩子
	{
		if (t == NULL)
			return NULL;
		BintreeNode<Type>*p = Search(t, key);
		if (p->rightchild == NULL)
			return NULL;
		return (p->rightchild);
	}


	int quit_system()                               //退出
	{
		return 0;
	}


	BintreeNode<Type>* Root(BintreeNode<Type>* t)    //根节点
	{
		return t;
	}


	bool IsEmpty(BintreeNode<Type>* t)
	{
		return t == NULL;
	}
	
	void Destory(BintreeNode<Type>* t)
	{
		if (t!= NULL)
		{
			Destory(t->leftchild);
			Destory(t->rightchild);
			delete t;
		}
	}
private:
	BintreeNode<Type> *root;
	Type              Ref;
};


#include "Bintree.h"


//主函数

int main()
{
	Bintree<char> bt('#');
	int select = 1;
	char Item;
	while (select)
	{
		cout << "******************************************************************" << endl;
		cout << "*     [1] creat           [2] PreOrder          [3] InOrder      *" << endl;
		cout << "*     [4] PostOrder       [5] Height            [6] Size         *" << endl;
		cout << "*     [7] search          [8] PreOrder_Find     [9] InOrder_Find *" << endl;
		cout << "*     [10] PostOrder_Find [11] parent           [12] leftchild   *" << endl;
		cout << "*     [13] rightchild     [14] root             [15] destory     *" << endl;
		cout << "*     [16] Isempty        [17] quit_system                       *" << endl;
		cout << "******************************************************************" << endl;
		cout << "pleae choose:";
		cin >> select;
		switch (select)
		{
		case 1:
			cout << "please enter:";
			bt.CreatBintree();
			break;
		case 2:
			bt.PreOrder();
			cout << endl;
			break;
		case 3:
			bt.InOrder();
			cout << endl;
			break;
		case 4:
			bt.PostOrder();
			cout << endl;
			break;
		case 5:
			cout << "树的大小为：" << bt.Height() << endl;
			break;
		case 6:
			cout << "树的大小为：" << bt.Size() << endl;
			break;
		case 7:
			cout << "请输入要查找的节点：";
			cin >> Item;
			cout << bt.Search(Item) << endl;
			break;
		case 8:
			cout << "请输入要查找的节点：";
			cin >> Item;
			cout << bt.PreOrder_Find(Item) << endl;
			break;
		case 9:
			cout << "请输入要查找的节点：";
			cin >> Item;
			cout << bt.InOrder_Find(Item) << endl;
			break;
		case 10:
			cout << "请输入要查找的节点：";
			cin >> Item;
			cout << bt.PostOrder_Find(Item) << endl;
			break;
		case 11:
			cout << "请输入要查找的节点：";
			cin >> Item;
			cout <<"父节点为："<< bt.Parent(bt.Search(Item)) << endl;
			break;
		case 12:
			cout << "请输入要查找的节点：";
			cin >> Item;
			cout <<"左孩子为："<< bt.Leftchild(Item) << endl;
			break;
		case 13:
			cout << "请输入要查找的节点：";
			cin >> Item;
			cout << "右孩子为：" << bt.Rightchild(Item) << endl;
			break;
		case 14:
			cout << "根节点为：" << bt.Root() << endl;
			break;
		case 15:
			bt.Destory();
			break;
		case 16:
			if (bt.IsEmpty())
				cout << "该树为空" << endl;
			else
				cout << "树为不为空" << endl;
			break;
		case 17:
			bt.quit_system(select);
			break;
		default:
			break;


		}
	}
	return 0;
}
<img src="https://img-blog.csdn.net/20150609111330362?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQvZG91ZG91d2ExMjM0/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center" alt="" />