比较级和最高级

1. 单音节词和少数双音节词的比较级和最高级的构成

1)常见的单音节词和少数以-er和-ow结尾的双音节词，比较级在末尾加-er,最高级在末尾加-est

例如：单音节词：small-smaller-smallest, tall-taller-tallest;

双音节词：clever-cleverer-cleverest, low-lower-lowest.

2)原级以e结尾且e不发音，比较级在末尾加-r,最高级在末尾加-st

例如：large-larger-largest,nice-nicer-nicest.

3)原级为[辅音+原音+辅音]的组合，比较级双写末尾辅音加-er,最高级双写末尾辅音加-est

例如：big-bigger-biggest,fat-fatter-fattest.

4)辅音+y结尾的双音节词，改y为i, 比较级在i后加-er,最高级在i后加-est

例如:easy-easier-easiest,heavy-heavier-heaviest.

5)部分形容词的比较级和最高级的不规则变化

2. 多音节词和部分双音节词在其前面加more或most

6、特殊点：

(1)有些单音节词的比较等级常用more和most,如glad,fond,shy,sly(但like只可用more和most)。

eg.I am not more glad than you.

我可没像你那样高兴。

Uncle Jack was more like a book of reference to my father.

杰克大叔对我父亲来说真是一部参考书。

(2)有些单音节词用-er和-est或more和most皆可,如free,clear等。

eg. I'm clearer/more clear about it than before.

对这事,我比以前更清楚了。

(3)有些双音节词用-er和-est或more和most皆可,在当代英语中似有多用more和most的趋势,如：secure,cruel,pretty,lively等。

eg.She looks prettier/more pretty with long hair than with short hair.

她留长发比留短发漂亮。

The patient seems a little livelier/more lively this morning.

这位病人今天早上精神似乎好些了。

(4)分词形容词的比较等级一律用more和most。

eg.I felt more tired this morning.

今天上午我感觉比较疲倦。

Skiing is more exciting than skating.

滑雪比滑冰更激动人心。

The report is most alarming.

这个报告最为扰乱人心。

(5) 形容词前可加less和least,表示“较不”和“最不”。

eg.Short sight is less common among the young students in this country.

近视在这个国家的青少年学生中较为少见。

The flaw in this stamp makes it less valuable.

这张邮票因为有点瑕疵,不那么值钱。

She's no less active than she used to be.

她和以往一样活跃。

He has less strength than I have.

他的力气比我小。

It is less cold than it was yesterday.

天气没有昨天那样冷。

7、没有比较级和最高级的形容词

1、表示“完全”“特别”等意义的形容词。

complete 完全的 empty 空的

entire 整个的 excellent 优秀的

fatal 致命的 final 最终的

full 满的 hopeless 无望的

impossible 不可能 perfect 完美的

relative 相对的 total 完全的

universal 全体的 whole 整个的

2、表示“极限”“主次”等的形容词。

basic 基本的 chief 主要的

extreme 极端的 first 第一的

main 主要的 major 较大的

maximum 最大的 minimum 最小的

minor 较小的 primary 首要的

supreme 至上的 wonderful 极好的

3、表示“独一无二”的形容词。

mere 仅仅 only 仅有的

single 唯一的 unique 独特的

4、表示“强调”的形容词。

favourite 最受喜欢的 own 自己的

simple 纯粹的 very 正是的

5、表示“状态”的形容词。

alight 着火的 ashamed 羞耻的

asleep 睡着的 awake 醒着的

blind 瞎的 deaf 聋的

dumb 跛的 dead 死的

6、表示“性质”“材料”“国籍”等的形容词。

American 美国的 economic 经济的

false 错的 golden 金制的

illegal 非法的 scientific 科学的

sufficient 充足的 true 真实的

wooden 木制的 woolen 羊毛的

7、表示“时间”的形容词。

daily 每天的 weekly 每周的

present 目前的 future 将来的

8、表示“几何形状”等的形容词。

circular 圆形的 level 水平的 round 圆形的

square 四方的 straight 直的 hollow 空的

9、比较级的用法

1. 与than连用，表示两者相比。than后可以跟

名词或代词

He is older than me.

Tokyo is bigger than New York.

动名词

Skiing is more exciting than skating.

This is more interesting than sitting in an office.

从句

I was a better singer than he was.

He is stronger than I expected.

状语

She felt worse than usual.

He is busier than ever.

跟其它成分，如动词、形容词

It’s better to be prepared than unprepared.

She was more surprised than angry.

He was more lucky than clever.

2. 用作修饰语

形容词比较级前可加much, a lot, a bit, a little, slightly之类表示程度的状语

He’s feeling a lot better today.

She’s a little bit better now.

It’s slightly warmer today.

放在any, no, some, even, still等词后表示比较

Do you feel any better today?

She was no older than Jenny.

This book is even more useful than that.

比较级之前还可加其他表示数量的词

Shall I get a couple more chairs?

My sister is ten years younger than me.

You’re a head taller than Jane.

比较级的特殊用法

1. 与more有关的词组

(1) the more…the more…　越……越……

The harder you work，the greater progress you'll make.

(2) more B than A=less A than B 与其说A不如说B

He is more lazy than slow at his work. = He is less slow than lazy at his work.

(3) no more… than… 仅仅是，与……一样

The officials could see no more than the Emperor.

(4) no less… than…　与……一样……

He is no less diligent than you.

(5) more than　不仅仅

She is more than kind to us all.

2.与less有关的词组

(1) less than 不到…

In less than a week, the MS was ready.

(2) no less than 不少于

He won no less than $5oo.

No less than 2 million people came.

(3) more or less 大体上

The work is more or less finished.

The answers were more or less right.

3. as+adj./adv.原级+as

(1) 在否定句或疑问句中可用so… as…

He cannot run so/as fast as you.

(2) as +形容词+ a +单数名词/ as + many/much +名词

This is as good an example as the other is.

I can carry as much paper as you can.

(3) 表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放as前

This room is twice as big as that one.

Your room is the same size as mine.

(4) 倍数+ as + adj. + as = 倍数+ the … + of

This bridge is three times as long as that one.

=This bridge is three times the length of that one.

Your room is twice as large as mine.

=Your room is twice the size of mine.

最高级的用法

1.the+最高级+比较范围

(1) 形容词最高级前通常用“the”

The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.

(2) 形容词most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示"非常"

It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem.

注意：使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。

(错)Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.

(对)Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.

(3) 这些词修饰最高级：by far, far, much, mostly, almost

This hat is nearly / almost the biggest.

注意：

very可修饰最高级，但位置与much不同

This is the very best. = This is much the best.

序数词通常只修饰最高级

Africa is the second largest continent.

2.用比较级表示最高级的

Mike is the most intelligent in his class.

=Mike is more intelligent than any other student in his class.

3. “否定词语”+比较级，“否定词语+so...as”结构表达最高级含义

Nothing is so easy as this.

=Nothing is easier than this.

=This is the easiest thing.

重点句型归纳

句型一：形容词或副词比较级+than…

注意事项：

该句型为比较级的最基本句型。只要看到than，即可确定前面使用比较级。

He is taller than I am.

他比我高。

The boy does his homework more carefully than the girl.

这个男孩做作业比这个男孩认真。

句型二：less + 形容词的原级 + than

注意事项：

该句型表示“不如、不及”，特别需要注意的是，less本身就是little的比较级，后面必须跟形容词的原级，否定就造成了比较级的重复使用。

This computer is less expensive than that one.

这台电脑比那台便宜。

句型三：as +形容词或副词的原级+ as

注意事项：

该句型表示对比的两者程度相当，as之间必须跟形容词或副词的原级，决不能使用比较级。

此外，还要确定使用形容词还是副词。确定的依据就是根据第一个as前的动词，如果是系动词(如be，感官动词look, sound, smell, taste, feel等)，

那么就用形容词的原级，如果前面的动词是一般的实义动词，那么就必须用副词的原级修饰动词。

This lesson is as easy asthat one.

这节课和那节课一样容易。

Lucy talks with old people as politely as her sister.

露西和老人交谈和与他妹妹交谈一样礼貌。

特别提醒：as…as之间也可以跟名词，句型如下：

as +形容词+ a/an +单数名词+as

He is askind a person as his father.

他和他爸爸一样都是善良的人。

as + many/much+不可数名词/可数名词复数+as

I cancarry as much paper as you can.

你能搬多少纸，我也能。

I haveas many books as you do.

我的书和你的一样多。

We’ll give you as much help as we can.

我们将尽我们所能给你帮助。

其它几个关于as…as的句型：

as … as one can：尽其所能

He began to run as fast as he could.

他尽其所能跑得快。

as … as possible：尽可能

Pleasehelp us as quickly as possible.

请尽可能地帮助我们。

as soon as…一……就……

He will callme as soon as he comes here.

他一来这儿就会给我打电话。

句型四：not as/so +形容词或副词的原级+ as

注意事项：

该句型表示“前者不如后者……”，往往可以与句型一和句型二替换。第一个as可以换为so。

This classroom is not asbright as yours.

这个教室没有你们的明亮。

I cannot run as fast asyou.

我跑步不如你快。

句型五：the +形容词或副词最高级+ in / of / among +比较范围

注意事项：

如果这里为副词最高级，前面的the常常省略。介词in和of的用法完全不一样。in表示“在某一范围内”，

如：in the classroom，in the world。of表示“在同类之间”，of后面的词与主语同类，另名词前一般有冠词the。among表示“在(三者或三者以上)之间”，among后接代词或没有修饰语的名词。

The Yangtze River(The Changjiang River) is the longest river in our country.

长江是我们国家中最长的河流。

Peter is the tallest of thesix students.

皮特是六个学生中最高的一个。

This picture is the mostbeautiful among these.

在这些画中，这张画是最美的。