6.结构体(1)

结构体

结构体为一种开发者自己设计的数据类型

struct Studnt
{
  char s_id[10];
  char s_name[10];
  char s_sex[6];
  int s_age;
};     //";"必不可少

struct Student
{
	char s_id[10];
	char s_name[10];
	char s_sex[8];
	int s_age;
};

//void Print_Student(struct Student stud[], int n)
void Print_Student(struct Student *stud, int n)     //sizeof(stud)  //4字节
{
	assert(stud != nullptr);
	printf("%-10s %-10s %-8s %-5d\n", "id", "name", "sex", "age");
	for (int i = 0;i < n;++i)
	{
		//printf("%-10s %-10s %-8s %-5d\n", stud[i].s_id, stud[i].s_name, stud[i].s_sex, stud[i].s_age); // (写法一)
		//printf("%-10s %-10s %-8s %-5d\n", (*(stud + i)).s_id, (*(stud+i)).s_name, (*(stud + i)).s_sex, (*(stud + i)).s_age); // (写法二)
		printf("%-10s %-10s %-8s %-5d\n", stud->s_id, stud->s_name, stud->s_sex, stud->s_age); 
		stud++;//(写法三)
	}
	printf("\n");
}
int main()
{
	
	struct Student studx[10] = {
		{"0901","yhping","man",23},
		{"0901","chang","man",33},
		{"0901","hexing","woman",13},
		{"0901","lejian","man",24},
		{"0901","liuxiao","woman",45},
		{"0901","zhang","man",15},
		{"0901","zhaowu","woman",22},
	};

	Print_Student(studx,7);


	return 0;
}

结构体大小

由于存储变量地址对齐的问题，计算结构体大小的3条规则:
1.结构体变量的首地址，必须是结构体变量中的“最大基本数据类型成员所占字节数”的整数倍。
2.结构体变量中的每个成员相对于结构体首地址的偏移量，都是该成员基本数据类型所占字节数的整数倍。
3.结构体变量的总大小，为结构体变量中“最大基本数据类型成员所占字节数"的整数倍。

struct Node
{
	char cha;
	char chb;
	int ia;//共8字节
	//char cha; int ia; char chb;   //共12字节

	
};
int main() 
{
	struct Node x = {'a','b',0x12345678};
	int size = sizeof(x);
	printf("%d \n", size);

}

struct node // double
 {
    char cha;
    double da；
    char chb; 
};
sizeof(struct node);/ /24

struct node//数组
{
    char ch[3];
    int ia;
};
sizeof(struct node);//8