Tomcat第一课--构建简单静态资源访问

    最近在看《深入剖析TOMCAT》这本书，跟着书边看边学，试着搭搭tomcat,主要是试着了解思想~
    首先，单纯的只是访问静态资源————比如Html，只需要三个类就可以：
    HttpServer、Reuest、Response
其实单看架构跟一些互联网项目是有类似的地方的。

1.HttpServer

package com.draz.ex01;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

/**
 * Created by Drazen on 2017/2/24.
 */
public class HttpServer {
    public static final String WEB_ROOT =
            System.getProperty("user.dir") + File.separator  + "web";
    // shutdown command
    private static final String SHUTDOWN_COMMAND = "/SHUTDOWN";

    // the shutdown command received
    private boolean shutdown = false;

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        HttpServer server = new HttpServer();
        server.await();
    }

    public void await() {

        ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
        int port = 8001;
        try {
            serverSocket =  new ServerSocket(port, 1, InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"));
        }
        catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            System.exit(1);
        }

        // Loop waiting for a request
        while (!shutdown) {
            Socket socket = null;
            InputStream input = null;
            OutputStream output = null;
            try {
                socket = serverSocket.accept();
                input = socket.getInputStream();
                output = socket.getOutputStream();

                // create Request object and parse
                Request request = new Request(input);
                request.parse();

                // create Response object
                Response response = new Response(output);
                response.setRequest(request);
                response.sendStaticResource();

                // Close the socket
                socket.close();

                //check if the previous URI is a shutdown command
                shutdown = request.getUri().equals(SHUTDOWN_COMMAND);
            }
            catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
                continue;
            }
        }
    }
}

    这个类主要是通过一个main()方法启动一个关于本地的监听，有一个公有方法await(),主要作用是启动监听，设置端口号（后期可以修改成配置文件的形式），加工请求并相应。
    WEB_ROOT的值是我存放html的目录，也就是web。
    调用的ServerSocket对象的accept()方法，这个方法的执行将使Server端的程序处于等待状态，程序将一直阻塞直到捕捉到一个来自Client端的请求，并返回一个用于与该Client通信的Socket对象Link-Socket。此后Server程序只要向这个Socket对象读写数据，就可以实现向远端的Client读写数据。结束监听时，关闭ServerSocket对象： 
    Socket类的构造函数有两个参数，第一个参数是欲连接到的Server计算机的主机地址，第二个参数是该Server机上提供服务的端口号。
    Socket对象建立成功之后，就可以在Client和Server之间建立一个连接，并通过这个连接在两个端点之间传递数据。利用Socket类的方法getOutputStream()和getInputStream()分别获得向Socket读写数据的输入／输出流，最后将从Server端读取的数据重新返还到Server端。
    当Server和Client端的通信结束时，可以调用Socket类的close()方法关闭Socket，拆除连接。
    这样，在Request类中处理的访问请求会传给Response并指向要访问的资源

2.Request

package com.draz.ex01;

import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

public class Request {

  private InputStream input;
  private String uri;

  public Request(InputStream input) {
    this.input = input;
  }

  public void parse() {
    // Read a set of characters from the socket
    StringBuffer request = new StringBuffer(2048);
    int i;
    byte[] buffer = new byte[2048];
    try {
      i = input.read(buffer);
    }
    catch (IOException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
      i = -1;
    }
    for (int j=0; j<i; j++) {
      request.append((char) buffer[j]);
    }
    System.out.print(request.toString());
    uri = parseUri(request.toString());
  }

  private String parseUri(String requestString) {
    int index1, index2;
    index1 = requestString.indexOf(' ');
    if (index1 != -1) {
      index2 = requestString.indexOf(' ', index1 + 1);
      if (index2 > index1)
        return requestString.substring(index1 + 1, index2);
    }
    return null;
  }

  public String getUri() {
    return uri;
  }
}

一个公有的parse方法
Request 类里干的最主要的活就是加工！加工！加工
InputStream实例被拆分成字节数组的形式,
打印出来的request是这样的：

GET /index.html HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:8001
Connection: keep-alive
Cache-Control: max-age=0
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/56.0.2924.87 Safari/537.36
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, sdch, br
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8
Cookie: logName=23700013181

最后

3.Response

package com.draz.ex01;

import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.File;

/*
  HTTP Response = Status-Line
    *(( general-header | response-header | entity-header ) CRLF)
    CRLF
    [ message-body ]
    Status-Line = HTTP-Version SP Status-Code SP Reason-Phrase CRLF
*/

public class Response {

  private static final int BUFFER_SIZE = 1024;
  Request request;
  OutputStream output;

  public Response(OutputStream output) {
    this.output = output;
  }

  public void setRequest(Request request) {
    this.request = request;
  }

  public void sendStaticResource() throws IOException {
    byte[] bytes = new byte[BUFFER_SIZE];
    FileInputStream fis = null;
    try {
      File file = new File(HttpServer.WEB_ROOT, request.getUri());
      if (file.exists()) {
        fis = new FileInputStream(file);
        int ch = fis.read(bytes, 0, BUFFER_SIZE);
        while (ch!=-1) {
          output.write(bytes, 0, ch);
          ch = fis.read(bytes, 0, BUFFER_SIZE);
        }
      }
      else {
        // file not found
        String errorMessage = "HTTP/1.1 404 File Not Found\r\n" +
          "Content-Type: text/html\r\n" +
          "Content-Length: 23\r\n" +
          "\r\n" +
          "<h1>File Not Found</h1>";
        output.write(errorMessage.getBytes());
      }
    }
    catch (Exception e) {
      // thrown if cannot instantiate a File object
      System.out.println(e.toString() );
    }
    finally {
      if (fis!=null)
        fis.close();
    }
  }
}