C语言sscanf函数的总结

在处理字符串的程序当中，经常会分析字符串，从一大长串的字符串截取我们需要的数据，这如果通过自己手写函数来分析，虽然可以，但当你知道sscanf的功能，那就自己写函数分析就显得多此一举。
这些函数的使用都很简单，总结一下，等下次使用一目了然。俗话说：好记性不如烂笔头，记录下来就是效率。
以下源代码是本人测试的源文件，附带讲解注释。

/*****************************************************
** Name         : sscanf.c 
** Author       : gzshun
** Version      : 1.0
** Date         : 2011-12
** Description  : sscanf function
******************************************************/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

static void sscanf_test(void);

static void sscanf_test(void)
{
    int ret;
    char *string;
    int  digit;
    char buf1[255];
    char buf2[255];
    char buf3[255];
    char buf4[255];

    /*1.最简单的用法*/
    string = "china beijing 123";
    ret = sscanf(string, "%s %s %d", buf1, buf2, &digit);
    printf("1.string=%s\n", string);
    printf("1.ret=%d, buf1=%s, buf2=%s, digit=%d\n\n", ret, buf1, buf2, digit);
    /*
    **执行结果:
    **1.ret=3, buf1=china, buf2=beijing, digit=123
    **可以看出,sscanf的返回值是读取的参数个数
    */

    /*2.取指定长度的字符串*/
    string = "123456789";
    sscanf(string, "%5s", buf1);
    printf("2.string=%s\n", string);
    printf("2.buf1=%s\n\n", buf1);
    /*
    **执行结果:
    **2.buf1=12345
    */

    /*3.取到指定字符为止的字符串*/
    string = "123/456";
    sscanf(string, "%[^/]", buf1);
    printf("3.string=%s\n", string);
    printf("3.buf1=%s\n\n", buf1);
    /*
    **执行结果:
    **3.buf1=123
    */

    /*4.取到指定字符集为止的字符串*/
    string = "123abcABC";
    sscanf(string, "%[^A-Z]", buf1);
    printf("4.string=%s\n", string);
    printf("4.buf1=%s\n\n", buf1);
    /*
    **执行结果:
    **4.buf1=123abc
    */

    /*5.取仅包含指定字符集的字符串*/
    string = "0123abcABC";
    sscanf(string, "%[0-9]%[a-z]%[A-Z]", buf1, buf2, buf3);
    printf("5.string=%s\n", string);
    printf("5.buf1=%s, buf2=%s, buf3=%s\n\n", buf1, buf2, buf3);
    /*
    **执行结果:
    **5.buf1=123, buf2=abc, buf3=ABC
    */

    /*6.获取指定字符中间的字符串*/
    string = "ios<android>wp7";
    sscanf(string, "%*[^<]<%[^>]", buf1);
    printf("6.string=%s\n", string);
    printf("6.buf1=%s\n\n", buf1);
    /*
    **执行结果:
    **6.buf1=android
    */

    /*7.指定要跳过的字符串*/
    string = "iosVSandroid";
    sscanf(string, "%[a-z]VS%[a-z]", buf1, buf2);
    printf("7.string=%s\n", string);
    printf("7.buf1=%s, buf2=%s\n\n", buf1, buf2);
    /*
    **执行结果:
    **7.buf1=ios, buf2=android
    */

    /*8.分割以某字符隔开的字符串*/
    string = "android-iphone-wp7";
    /*
    **字符串取道'-'为止,后面还需要跟着分隔符'-',
    **起到过滤作用,有点类似于第7点
    */
    sscanf(string, "%[^-]-%[^-]-%[^-]", buf1, buf2, buf3);
    printf("8.string=%s\n", string);
    printf("8.buf1=%s, buf2=%s, buf3=%s\n\n", buf1, buf2, buf3);
    /*
    **执行结果:
    **8.buf1=android, buf2=iphone, buf3=wp7
    */

    /*9.提取邮箱地址*/
    string = "Email:beijing@sina.com.cn";
    sscanf(string, "%[^:]:%[^@]@%[^.].%s", buf1, buf2, buf3, buf4);
    printf("9.string=%s\n", string);
    printf("9.buf1=%s, buf2=%s, buf3=%s, buf4=%s\n\n", 
        buf1, buf2, buf3, buf4);
    /*
    **执行结果:
    **9.buf1=Email, buf2=beijing, buf3=sina, buf4=com.cn
    */

    /*10.过滤掉不想截取或不需要的字符串--补充,
    **在%号后面加一*号,代表过滤这个字符串,不读取
    */
    string = "android iphone wp7";
    sscanf(string, "%s %*s %s", buf1, buf2);
    printf("10.string=%s\n", string);
    printf("10.buf1=%s, buf2=%s\n\n", buf1, buf2);
    /*
    **执行结果:
    **10.android wp7
    */
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    sscanf_test();

    return 0;
}

/*
**测试程序
**环境:
**Linux ubuntu 2.6.32-24-generic-pae #39-Ubuntu SMP 
**Wed Jul 28 07:39:26 UTC 2010 i686 GNU/Linux
**gcc version 4.4.3 (Ubuntu 4.4.3-4ubuntu5)
**
gzshun@ubuntu:~/c/sscanf$ gcc sscanf.c -o sscanf
gzshun@ubuntu:~/c/sscanf$ ./sscanf
1.string=china beijing 123
1.ret=3, buf1=china, buf2=beijing, digit=123

2.string=123456789
2.buf1=12345

3.string=123/456
3.buf1=123

4.string=123abcABC
4.buf1=123abc

5.string=0123abcABC
5.buf1=0123, buf2=abc, buf3=ABC

6.string=ios<android>wp7
6.buf1=android

7.string=iosVSandroid
7.buf1=ios, buf2=android

8.string=android-iphone-wp7
8.buf1=android, buf2=iphone, buf3=wp7

9.string=Email:beijing@sina.com.cn
9.buf1=Email, buf2=beijing, buf3=sina, buf4=com.cn

10.string=android iphone wp7
10.buf1=android, buf2=wp7
*/

根据需求扩展一下第9条， “%[^:]:”替换为%*[^:]:即使由取字符串改为忽略掉字符串

/*9.提取邮箱地址*/
string = "Email:beijing@sina.com.cn";
//sscanf(string, "%[^:]:%[^@]@%[^.].%s", buf1, buf2, buf3, buf4);
sscanf(string, "%*[^:]:%[^@]@%[^.].%s",  buf2, buf3, buf4);
printf("9.string=%s\n", string);
printf("9.buf1=, buf2=%s, buf3=%s, buf4=%s\n\n", 
 buf2, buf3, buf4);
/*
输出
9.string=Email:beijing@sina.com.cn
9.buf1=, buf2=beijing, buf3=sina, buf4=com.cn
*/

博客转载自：http://blog.csdn.net/gzshun/article/details/7081736