RabbitMQ的优先级队列

在RabbitMQ中，可以设置队列的最大优先级和消息优先级。

    channel.queueDelete("queue_normal3");
    Map<String, Object> args1 = new HashMap<String, Object>();
    args1.put("x-max-priority", 10);
    channel.queueDeclare("queue_normal3", false, false, false, args1);

在上面这段代码中，用参数x-max-priority设置队列的最大优先级为10. 这存在两方面的意义：1、这个队列有优先级的概念。如果没有设置此参数，即使传入此队列的消息设置了优先级，也不起作用 2、设置了传入的消息可以设置的最大优先级。比如设置消息1的优先级为20，消息2的优先级为30.由于队列最大优先级是10，所以其实这两个消息的优先级相同，都是10.

下面举例：
例子1：先举一个正常的例子：

此处是发送端，我们向队列中放入三组消息，先放入3个低优先级消息，再放入3个高优先级消息，再放入3个低优先级消息。
public class Sender{

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
    test1();
}

private static void test1() throws IOException {
    Channel channel = ChannelUtils.getChannelInstance("testEmit");

    channel.exchangeDelete("exchange_normal3");
    channel.exchangeDeclare("exchange_normal3", "direct", false, false, null);

    channel.queueDelete("queue_normal3");
    Map<String, Object> args1 = new HashMap<String, Object>();
    args1.put("x-max-priority", 10);
    channel.queueDeclare("queue_normal3", false, false, false, args1);

    channel.queueBind("queue_normal3", "exchange_normal3", "info");

    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
         AMQP.BasicProperties.Builder builder = new
         AMQP.BasicProperties.Builder();
         builder.priority(1);
         AMQP.BasicProperties properties = builder.build();
        channel.basicPublish("exchange_normal3", "info", properties, "低优先级1".getBytes());
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
         AMQP.BasicProperties.Builder builder = new
         AMQP.BasicProperties.Builder();
         builder.priority(5);
         AMQP.BasicProperties properties = builder.build();
        channel.basicPublish("exchange_normal3", "info", properties, "高优先级".getBytes());
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
         AMQP.BasicProperties.Builder builder = new
         AMQP.BasicProperties.Builder();
         builder.priority(1);
         AMQP.BasicProperties properties = builder.build();
        channel.basicPublish("exchange_normal3", "info", properties, "低优先级2".getBytes());
    }
}
}

运行生产端，如上图，队列中放入了9个消息。

下面是消费端
public class ReceiveLogs {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ShutdownSignalException, ConsumerCancelledException,
InterruptedException, TimeoutException {
test2();

}

private static void test2() throws IOException {
    Channel channel = ChannelUtils.getChannelInstance("test2");
    DefaultConsumer c = new DefaultConsumer(channel){
        @Override
        public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, BasicProperties properties, byte[] body)
                throws IOException {
            System.out.println(new String(body));
        }
    };
    channel.basicConsume("queue_normal3", true,c);  

}
}

输入如下：
高优先级
高优先级
高优先级
低优先级1
低优先级1
低优先级1
低优先级2
低优先级2
低优先级2

例子2：
我们将上面生产端发送的三组优先级从1,5,1换成10,50,10
再次运行代码，输出为：
低优先级1
低优先级1
低优先级1
高优先级
高优先级
高优先级
低优先级2
低优先级2
低优先级2

从输出可以看出，队列最大优先级为10，而消息的优先级>=10，都被当成优先级10处理。

附1：ChannelUtils 的源码
package utils;

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

public class ChannelUtils {

// AMQP的连接其实是对Socket做的封装, 注意以下AMQP协议的版本号，不同版本的协议用法可能不同。
public static Channel getChannelInstance(String ConnectionDescription) {
    try {
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = getConnectionFactory();
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection(ConnectionDescription);

        return connection.createChannel();
    } catch (Exception e) {
        throw new RuntimeException("获取Channel连接失败");
    }

}

public static ConnectionFactory getConnectionFactory() {
    ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();

//下面这段参数，需要依据实际情况修改
connectionFactory.setHost(“192.168.1.111”);
connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
connectionFactory.setVirtualHost(“/”);
connectionFactory.setUsername(“drs”);
connectionFactory.setPassword(“123456”);

connectionFactory.setClientProperties(connectionFactoryPropertiesMap);

    return connectionFactory;
}

}

附2：pom文件的依赖配置


com.rabbitmq
amqp-client
4.6.0