spring security的学习
什么是spring security?
a:spring security是针对spring项目的安全框架,也是spring底层安全模块默认的技术选型,可以实现强大的web安全控制,对于安全控制,我们仅仅需要引入spring-boot-starter-security模块,进行少量的需求即可实现强大的安全管理
需要记住几个类:
自定义security策略:webSecurityConfigurerAdapter
自定义认证策略:AutherticationManagerBuilder
开启websecurity模式:@EnableWebSecurity
spring security的两个主要的目标是认证和授权
准备工作:
加载静态页面:
首页:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1">
<title>首页</title>
<!--semantic-ui-->
<link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/semantic-ui/2.4.1/semantic.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link th:href="@{/qinjiang/css/qinstyle.css}" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>
<!--主容器-->
<div class="ui container">
<div class="ui segment" id="index-header-nav" th:fragment="nav-menu">
<div class="ui secondary menu">
<a class="item" th:href="@{/index}">首页</a>
<!--登录注销-->
<div class="right menu">
<!--未登录-->
<a class="item" th:href="@{/toLogin}">
<i class="address card icon"></i> 登录
</a>
<!--已登录
<a th:href="@{/usr/toUserCenter}">
<i class="address card icon"></i> admin
</a>
-->
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="ui segment" style="text-align: center">
<h3>Spring Security Study by xxx</h3>
</div>
<div>
<br>
<div class="ui three column stackable grid">
<div class="column">
<div class="ui raised segment">
<div class="ui">
<div class="content">
<h5 class="content">Level 1</h5>
<hr>
<div><a th:href="@{/level1/1}"><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-1-1</a></div>
<div><a th:href="@{/level1/2}"><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-1-2</a></div>
<div><a th:href="@{/level1/3}"><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-1-3</a></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="column">
<div class="ui raised segment">
<div class="ui">
<div class="content">
<h5 class="content">Level 2</h5>
<hr>
<div><a th:href="@{/level2/1}"><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-2-1</a></div>
<div><a th:href="@{/level2/2}"><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-2-2</a></div>
<div><a th:href="@{/level2/3}"><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-2-3</a></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="column">
<div class="ui raised segment">
<div class="ui">
<div class="content">
<h5 class="content">Level 3</h5>
<hr>
<div><a th:href="@{/level3/1}"><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-3-1</a></div>
<div><a th:href="@{/level3/2}"><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-3-2</a></div>
<div><a th:href="@{/level3/3}"><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-3-3</a></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script th:src="@{/qinjiang/js/jquery-3.1.1.min.js}"></script>
<script th:src="@{/qinjiang/js/semantic.min.js}"></script>
</body>
</html>
login.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1">
<title>登录</title>
<!--semantic-ui-->
<link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/semantic-ui/2.4.1/semantic.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>
<!--主容器-->
<div class="ui container">
<div class="ui segment">
<div style="text-align: center">
<h1 class="header">登录</h1>
</div>
<div class="ui placeholder segment">
<div class="ui column very relaxed stackable grid">
<div class="column">
<div class="ui form">
<form th:action="@{/usr/login}" method="post">
<div class="field">
<label>Username</label>
<div class="ui left icon input">
<input type="text" placeholder="Username" name="username">
<i class="user icon"></i>
</div>
</div>
<div class="field">
<label>Password</label>
<div class="ui left icon input">
<input type="password" name="password">
<i class="lock icon"></i>
</div>
</div>
<input type="submit" class="ui blue submit button"/>
</form>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: center">
<div class="ui label">
</i>注册
</div>
<br><br>
<a>https://blog.csdn.net/duguboxia</a>
</div>
<div class="ui segment" style="text-align: center">
<h3>Spring Security Study by xxx</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script th:src="@{/qinjiang/js/jquery-3.1.1.min.js}"></script>
<script th:src="@{/qinjiang/js/semantic.min.js}"></script>
</body>
</html>
创建有一个views文件夹,下面有3个页面123
1.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1">
<title>首页</title>
<!--semantic-ui-->
<link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/semantic-ui/2.4.1/semantic.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link th:href="@{/qinjiang/css/qinstyle.css}" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>
<!--主容器-->
<div class="ui container">
<div th:replace="~{index::nav-menu}"></div>
<div class="ui segment" style="text-align: center">
<h3>Level-1-1</h3>
</div>
</div>
<script th:src="@{/qinjiang/js/jquery-3.1.1.min.js}"></script>
<script th:src="@{/qinjiang/js/semantic.min.js}"></script>
</body>
</html>
其他页面类似:略
controller层:(用于跳转)
package com.cqie.spring_security.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller
public class routerController {
@RequestMapping({"/","/index"})
public String index(){
return "index";
}
@RequestMapping("/toLogin")
public String toLogin(){
return "views/login";
}
@RequestMapping("/level1/{id}")
public String level1(@PathVariable("id")int id){
return "views/level1/"+id;
}
@RequestMapping("/level2/{id}")
public String level2(@PathVariable("id")int id){
return "views/level2/"+id;
}
@RequestMapping("/level3/{id}")
public String level3(@PathVariable("id")int id){
return "views/level3/"+id;
}
}
重点在于config文件下的配置
securityConfig:
package com.cqie.spring_security.config;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.authentication.builders.AuthenticationManagerBuilder;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder;
//继承WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter类
//加注解
//重写里面的方法,选择httpSecurity授权和AuthenticationManagerBuilder认证
@EnableWebSecurity
public class securityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
//授权
@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
//需求
/*首页所有人可以访问,功能页只有对应有权限的人进入
*/
//授权请求规则
http.authorizeRequests()
.antMatchers("/").permitAll()
.antMatchers("/level1/**").hasRole("vip1")
.antMatchers("/level2/**").hasRole("vip2")
.antMatchers("/level3/**").hasRole("vip3");
//没有权限跳转到登录页面
http.formLogin();
}
//认证
@Override
protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
/*遇到There is no PasswordEncoder mapped for the id "null"报错使用密码加密*/
//密码编码:PasswordEncoder 套用BCryptPasswordEncoder类解决
//可以从数据库中 auth.jdbcAuthentication()
// 也可以从内存中 auth.inMemoryAuthentication()
auth.inMemoryAuthentication().passwordEncoder(new BCryptPasswordEncoder())
.withUser("sirwu").password(new BCryptPasswordEncoder().encode("123456")).roles("vip1","vip2")
.and().withUser("admin").password(new BCryptPasswordEncoder().encode("123456")).roles("vip1","vip2","vip3")
.and().withUser("hhh").password(new BCryptPasswordEncoder().encode("123456")).roles("vip3");
}
}
注意:密码使用时需要进行加密,否则会报错误:PasswordEncoder
效果:
首页点击任意功能页会跳转到login(注意,此时跳转的不是写的登录页面而是security自带的)
自己写的页面是(注意区别):
当没有权限进入时会包一下错误:
用户注销
对于用户注销,注销后直接返回到首页,需要相应的会员账号和密码才能进入自己允许的功能页面(菜单权限)。
需要引入一个新知识:导入新的依赖( security与 thymeleaf整合依赖-)
<!-- security与 thymeleaf整合-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.thymeleaf.extras</groupId>
<artifactId>thymeleaf-extras-springsecurity5</artifactId>
<version>3.0.4.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
其次在页面需要引入相关链接
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org"
xmlns:sec="http://www.thymeleaf.org/extras/spring-security">
需求1:
对于未登录的用户显示登录按钮,已登录的用户显示登录用户名,角色,以及注销按钮;
<a class="item" th:href="@{/index}">首页</a>
<!--登录注销-->
<div class="right menu">
<!--isAuthenticated()判断是否登陆授权-->
<!--未登录显示登陆-->
<div sec:authorize="!isAuthenticated()">
<a class="item" th:href="@{/toLogin}">
<i class="address card icon"></i> 登录
</a>
</div>
<!--已登录显示用户名角色注销-->
<div sec:authorize="isAuthenticated()">
<a class="item">
用户名:<span sec:authentication="name"></span>
角色:<span sec:authentication="principal.authorities"></span>
</a>
</div>
<div sec:authorize="isAuthenticated()">
<a class="item" th:href="@{/logout}">
<i class="sign-out icon"></i> 注销
</a>
</div>
其中:sec:authorize="!isAuthenticated()判断用户是否登录
sec:authentication="principal.authorities用户判断用户的角色权限
需求2
对于一个用户,只能查看自己已有权限的功能菜单,其他的不能查看:
方法:
sec:authorize="hasRole(‘vip2’)"用于显示用户权限
例如admin能查看所有菜单
而hhh用户只能查看某一项或者两项:
需求3
注销功能的实现:
两行代码:
//防止网站攻击 get post 关闭打开的csrf
http.csrf().disable();
//正常注销后,调到相应的位置,当前调至首页
http.logout().logoutSuccessUrl("/");
}