数据结构---数组

简单的数组，实现了4个基本功能

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdarg.h>//用于取变长的参数表  （不懂的话可以查资料）
#include<stdlib.h>
#define MAX_ARRAY_DIM 8

typedef struct {
	int* base;//数组基址
	int dim;//数组的维数
	int* bounds;//该指针指向空间的作用是   存储各个维度的具体值
	int* constants;//该指针指向空间的作用是   存储各个维度能存储多少元素 用于计算元素的下标
}Array;


//初始化
void Init_Array(Array* a, int dim, ...) {
	//判断维数是否正确
	if (dim<1 || dim>MAX_ARRAY_DIM) exit(0);
	a->dim = dim;
	a->bounds = (int*)malloc(dim * sizeof(int));
	if (!a->bounds) exit(0);

	int elemtotal = 1;//用于计算元素总数

	va_list ap;
	va_start(ap, dim);
	for (int i = 0; i < dim; i++) {
		a->bounds[i] = va_arg(ap, int);
		if (a->bounds[i] < 0) exit(0);//输入有误
		elemtotal *= a->bounds[i];
	}
	va_end(ap);

	a->base = (int*)malloc(elemtotal * sizeof(int));
	if (!a->base) exit(0);

	a->constants = (int*)malloc(dim * sizeof(int));
	if (!a->constants) exit(0);
	a->constants[dim - 1] = 1;
	for (int i = dim - 2; i >= 0; i--)
		a->constants[i] = a->constants[i + 1] * a->bounds[i + 1];
	printf("初始化完成！\n");


}

//销毁
void Destroy_Array(Array* a) {
	if (!a->base) exit(0);
	else {
		free(a->base);
		a->base = NULL;
	}

	if (!a->bounds) exit(0);
	else {
		free(a->bounds);
		a->bounds = NULL;
	}

	if (!a->constants) exit(0);
	else {
		free(a->constants);
		a->constants = NULL;
	}
	printf("销毁成功！\n");
}

//根据元素下标，查出元素的位置
void Locate_Array(Array* a,va_list ap,int *off) {
	
	int sum=0;
	int ind;//当前维数所能存储的元素个数
	for (int i = 0; i < a->dim; i++) {
		ind = va_arg(ap, int);
		if (ind<0 || ind>=a->bounds[i]) exit(0);
		else sum += ind * a->constants[i];					
	}
	*off = sum;
}


//根据下标查找
void Value_Array(int* e,Array a, ...) {
	va_list ap;
	int off;
	va_start(ap, a);
	Locate_Array(&a, ap,&off);
	va_end(ap);
	*e = *(a.base + off);
	
}

//根据下标创建或修改元素的值
void Assign_Array(Array* a, int e, ...) {
	va_list ap;
	int off;
	va_start(ap, e);
	Locate_Array(a, ap,&off);
	va_end(ap);
	*(a->base + off) = e;
}

int main() {
	Array a;
	Init_Array(&a, 2, 2, 2);//二维数组

	int e = 0;
	int off = 0;


	int* p = a.bounds;//打印各维的数值
	for (int i = 0; i < a.dim; i++)
		printf("%d ", *(p + i));
	
	printf("\n");
	p = a.constants;//打印每个维度能容纳多少元素
	for (int i = 0; i < a.dim; i++)
		printf("%d ", *(p + i));
	printf("\n");

	for(int i=0;i<2;i++)//打印 测试assign和value
		for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++) {
			Assign_Array(&a, 1, i, j);
			Value_Array(&e, a, i, j);
			printf("a[%d][%d]=%d\n", i,j,e);
		}

	Destroy_Array(&a);
	return 0;
}