定义了5种基本的迭代器类型:输入,输出,前向, 双向,随机迭代器, 相互关系及定义如下。
struct input_iterator_tag {};
struct output_iterator_tag {};
struct forward_iterator_tag : public input_iterator_tag {};
struct bidirectional_iterator_tag : public forward_iterator_tag {};
struct random_access_iterator_tag : public bidirectional_iterator_tag {};
template <class _Tp, class _Distance> struct input_iterator {
typedef input_iterator_tag iterator_category;
typedef _Tp value_type;
typedef _Distance difference_type;
typedef _Tp* pointer;
typedef _Tp& reference;
};
struct output_iterator {
typedef output_iterator_tag iterator_category;
typedef void value_type;
typedef void difference_type;
typedef void pointer;
typedef void reference;
};
template <class _Tp, class _Distance> struct forward_iterator {
typedef forward_iterator_tag iterator_category;
typedef _Tp value_type;
typedef _Distance difference_type;
typedef _Tp* pointer;
typedef _Tp& reference;
};
template <class _Tp, class _Distance> struct bidirectional_iterator {
typedef bidirectional_iterator_tag iterator_category;
typedef _Tp value_type;
typedef _Distance difference_type;
typedef _Tp* pointer;
typedef _Tp& reference;
};
template <class _Tp, class _Distance> struct random_access_iterator {
typedef random_access_iterator_tag iterator_category;
typedef _Tp value_type;
typedef _Distance difference_type;
typedef _Tp* pointer;
typedef _Tp& reference;
};
这里定义的是普通的迭代器模板。模板参数为迭代器的五个类型成员, 通过这5个成员来生成迭代器。
template <class _Category, class _Tp, class _Distance = ptrdiff_t,
class _Pointer = _Tp*, class _Reference = _Tp&>
struct iterator {
typedef _Category iterator_category;
typedef _Tp value_type;
typedef _Distance difference_type;
typedef _Pointer pointer;
typedef _Reference reference;
};
定义了iterator_traits及对于原生指针的特化。
template <class _Iterator>
struct iterator_traits {
typedef typename _Iterator::iterator_category iterator_category;
typedef typename _Iterator::value_type value_type;
typedef typename _Iterator::difference_type difference_type;
typedef typename _Iterator::pointer pointer;
typedef typename _Iterator::reference reference;
};
template <class _Tp>
struct iterator_traits<_Tp*> {
typedef random_access_iterator_tag iterator_category;
typedef _Tp value_type;
typedef ptrdiff_t difference_type;
typedef _Tp* pointer;
typedef _Tp& reference;
};
template <class _Tp>
struct iterator_traits<const _Tp*> {
typedef random_access_iterator_tag iterator_category;
typedef _Tp value_type;
typedef ptrdiff_t difference_type;
typedef const _Tp* pointer;
typedef const _Tp& reference;
};
定义了取得iterator_category, difference_type* 和value_type* 类型的全局方法.
template <class _Iter>
inline typename iterator_traits<_Iter>::iterator_category
__iterator_category(const _Iter&)
{
typedef typename iterator_traits<_Iter>::iterator_category _Category;
return _Category();
}
template <class _Iter>
inline typename iterator_traits<_Iter>::difference_type*
__distance_type(const _Iter&)
{
return static_cast<typename iterator_traits<_Iter>::difference_type*>(0);
}
template <class _Iter>
inline typename iterator_traits<_Iter>::value_type*
__value_type(const _Iter&)
{
return static_cast<typename iterator_traits<_Iter>::value_type*>(0);
}
template <class _Iter>
inline typename iterator_traits<_Iter>::iterator_category
iterator_category(const _Iter& __i) { return __iterator_category(__i); }
template <class _Iter>
inline typename iterator_traits<_Iter>::difference_type*
distance_type(const _Iter& __i) { return __distance_type(__i); }
template <class _Iter>
inline typename iterator_traits<_Iter>::value_type*
value_type(const _Iter& __i) { return __value_type(__i); }
#define __ITERATOR_CATEGORY(__i) __iterator_category(__i)
#define __DISTANCE_TYPE(__i) __distance_type(__i)
#define __VALUE_TYPE(__i) __value_type(__i)
如果没有定义偏特化, 即编译器不支持偏特化,还有一套更加繁琐的定义,不罗列了。
定义对于不同种类iterator的distance函数, 还有增加n的advance函数. 对于_RandomAccessIterator, advance就是直接+n, 别的iterator就需要遍历。双向迭代器的n可以为负.