算法导论第十二章

二叉查找树： 定义为任何父亲节点数据的大小都大于左子女， 小于右子女。 这样， 中序遍历树即可拿到树的一个排序。插入节点的过程就是建树的过程。 为了使树的结构能更趋于平衡， 在插入前， 将序列随机化是一个非常不错的办法。 主要实现了insert, delete, maxmum, minimum, next, previous方法, 以下是我的实现.
用节点作树的存储结构：其中TreeNode是节点结构。
template<class Ty>
class BinarySearchTree
{
public:
  typedef Ty                value_type;
  typedef Ty*       pointer;
  typedef const value_type* const_pointer;
  typedef value_type&       reference;
  typedef const value_type& const_reference;
  typedef size_t            size_type;
  typedef ptrdiff_t         difference_type;

 template<class Ty>
 class TreeNode
 {
 public:
  typedef Ty value_type;
  TreeNode() : m_parent(0), m_left(0), m_right(0) {}
  TreeNode(const Ty& __x) : m_parent(0), m_left(0), m_right(0), m_value(__x) {}

  Ty m_value;
  TreeNode<Ty>* m_parent;
  TreeNode<Ty>* m_left;
  TreeNode<Ty>* m_right;

  TreeNode<Ty>* left() {
   return m_left; 
  }
  TreeNode<Ty>* right() {
   return m_right;
  }
  TreeNode<Ty>* parent() {
   return m_parent;
  }
  
  Ty& value() {
   return m_value;
  }

  static TreeNode<Ty>* makeNode(const Ty& __x)
  {
   return new TreeNode<Ty>(__x);
  }
 };

 typedef TreeNode<Ty> node_type;

public:
 
 BinarySearchTree() : m_root(0) {}

 ~BinarySearchTree()
 {
  destroy();
 }

 void insert(const value_type& __x)
 {
  node_type* curNode = m_root;
  node_type* node = TreeNode<Ty>::makeNode(__x);
  if (!m_root)
  {
   m_root = node;
   return;
  }
  while(curNode)
  {
   if (m_function(node->value(), curNode->value()))
   {
    if (curNode->left())
    {
     curNode = curNode->left();
    }
    else
    {
     curNode->m_left = node;
     node->m_parent = curNode;
     return;
    }
   }
   else
   {
    if (curNode->right())
    {
     curNode = curNode->right();
    }
    else
    {
     curNode->m_right = node;
     node->m_parent = curNode;
     return;
    }
   }
  }
 }

 template<class Function>
 void traverse(Function f)
 {
  traverse(m_root, f);
 }

 template<class Function>
 void traverse(node_type* root, Function f)
 {
  if (!root)
   return;
  traverse(root->left(), f);
  traverse(root->right(), f);
  f(root->value());
 }

 value_type minimum()
 {
  node_type* node = m_root;
  if (!node)
  {
   throw std::out_of_range("no minimum");
  }
  while(node->left())
  {
   node = node->left();
  }
  return node->value();
 }

 value_type maxmum()
 {
  node_type* node = m_root;
  if (!node)
  {
   throw std::out_of_range("no minimum");
  }
  while(node->right())
  {
   node = node->right();
  }
  return node->value();
 }

 node_type* next(node_type* node)
 {
  assert(node);
  if (!node) return 0;
  if (node->right())
  {
   return minimum(node->right());
  }
  while(node->parent() && node->parent()->right() == node)
  {
   node = node->parent();
  }
  return node->parent();
 }

 node_type* privious(node_type* node)
 {
  assert(node);
  if (!node) return 0;
  if (node->left())
  {
   return maxmum(node->left());
  }
  while(node->parent() && node->parent()->left() == node)
  {
   node = node->parent();
  }
  return node->parent();
 }

 node_type* find(const value_type& __x)
 {
  node_type* node = m_root;
  while(node)
  {
   if (node->value() == __x)
   {
    return node;
   }
   if (m_function(node->value(), __x))
   {
    node = node->right();
   }
   else
   {
    node = node->left();
   }
  }
  return 0;
 }
 
 void erase(const value_type& __x)
 {
  node_type* node = find(__x);
  if (!node)
  {
   return;
  }
  if (!node->left() || !node->right())
  {
   
  }
  else
  {
   node_type* nextNode = next(node);
   std::swap(node->m_value, nextNode->m_value);
   node = nextNode;
  }
  node_type** parent;
  if (!node->parent())
  {
   parent = &m_root;
  }
  else
  {
   if (node->parent()->left() == node)
   {
    parent = &(node->m_parent->m_left);
   }
   else
   {
    parent = &(node->m_parent->m_right);
   }
  }

  if (node->left())
  {
   *parent = node->left();
   node->m_left->m_parent = node->parent() ? node->parent() : 0;
  }
  else
  {
   *parent = node->right();
   if (node->right())
    node->m_right->m_parent = node->parent() ? node->parent() : 0;
  }
  delete node;
 }

private:
 node_type* minimum(node_type* node)
 {
  assert(node);
  while(node->left())
  {
   node = node->left();
  }
  return node;
 }

 node_type* maxmum(node_type* node)
 {
  assert(node);
  while(node->right())
  {
   node = node->right();
  }
  return node;
 }

private:
 BinarySearchTree(const BinarySearchTree&);
 BinarySearchTree& operator= (const BinarySearchTree&);
 void destroy()
 {
  removeTree(m_root);
  m_root = 0;
 }

 void removeTree(node_type* root)
 {
  if (root)
  {
   removeTree(root->left());
   removeTree(root->right());
   delete root;
  }
 }

 std::less<Ty> m_function;
 node_type* m_root;
};