经典编程900例（c语言）（第十八篇）

例207：使用全局变量

#include <stdio.h>

int a = 1, b = 2, c = 3;

void global_values(void)
{
    printf("a contains %d b contains %d c contains %d\n", a, b, c);
}

int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
    global_values();
    printf("a contains %d b contains %d c contains %d\n", a, b, c);

    return 0;
}

例208：变量的作用域

#include <stdio.h>

void unknown_title(void)
{
    // gcc编译报错 - 'title' was not declared in this scope
    printf("The book's title is %s\n", title);
}

char title[] = "Jamsa's 1001 C/C++ Tips";

int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
    printf("Title: %s\n", title);
    return 0;
}

例209：使用库函数strupr()

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
    char alphabet[] = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";

    // 将从第13个下标位置开始转换为大写形式
    strupr(&alphabet[13]);

    printf(alphabet);

    return 0;
}

例210：写一个计算立方的函数

#include <stdio.h>

/**
 * 计算value的立方并返回
 */
int i_cube(int value)
{
    return(value * value * value);
}

int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
    printf("The cube of 3 is %d\n", i_cube(3));
    printf("The cube of 5 is %d\n", i_cube(5));
    printf("The cube of 7 is %d\n", i_cube(7));

    return 0;
}

例211：变量的作用域

#include <stdio.h>

void local_values(void)
{
    int a = 1, b = 2, c = 3;
    printf("a contains %d b contains %d c contains %d\n", a, b, c);
}


int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
    // gcc编译报错 - 'a' was not declared in this scope
    // gcc编译报错 - 'b' was not declared in this scope
    // gcc编译报错 - 'c' was not declared in this scope
    printf("a contains %d b contains %d c contains %d\n", a, b, c);

    return 0;
}

例212：写一个函数计算一个数的阶乘

#include <stdio.h>

/**
 * 计算阶乘value!
 */
int factorial(int value)
 {
    int result = 1;
    int counter;

    for (counter = 2; counter <= value; counter++) 
        result *= counter;

    return(result);
 }

int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
    int i;

    for (i = 1; i <= 5; i++)
        printf("Factorial of %d is %d\n", i, factorial(i));

    return 0;
}

例213：写一个函数用来复制字符串

#include <stdio.h>

char *strcpy(char *destination, const char *source) 
{
    // 计算字符串的指针（首地址）
    char *start = destination;

    // 一个个赋值并指针++
    while (*destination++ = *source++)
        ;

    return(start);
}

int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
    char title[64]; 

    strcpy(title, "Jamsa's 1001 C/C++ Tips");
    printf(title);

    return 0;
}

例214：使用递归计算字符串长度，并计算运行时间

#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>

int string_length(const char *str)
{
    if (*str)
        // 字符指针没到'\0'就递归
        return(1 + string_length(str+1));
    else
        return(0);
}

int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
    long int counter;

    time_t start_time, end_time;

    time(&start_time);

    for (counter = 0; counter < 100000L; counter++)
        string_length("Jamsa's 1001 C/C++ Tips");

    time(&end_time);

    printf("Processing time %d\n", end_time - start_time);

    return 0;
}

例215：不使用递归计算字符串长度，并计算运行时间

#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>

int string_length(const char *str)
{
    int length = 0;

	// 字符指针没到'\0'计数自增
    while (*str++)
        length++;

    return(length);
}

int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
    long int counter;
    time_t start_time, end_time;

    time(&start_time);

    for (counter = 0; counter < 100000L; counter++)
        string_length("Jamsa's 1001 C/C++ Tips");

    time(&end_time);

    printf("Processing time %d\n", end_time - start_time);

    return 0;
}

例216：参数的值传递

#include <stdio.h>

void display_and_change(int first, int second, int third)
{
    printf("Original function values %d %d %d\n", first, second, third);// ginal function values 1 2 3

    first += 100; 
    second += 100;
    third += 100;

    printf("Ending function values %d %d %d\n", first, second, third);  // Ending function values 101 102 103
}

int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
    int a = 1, b = 2, c = 3;

    display_and_change(a, b, c);

    printf("Ending values in main %d %d %d\n", a, b ,c);    // Ending values in main 1 2 3

    return 0;
}

例217：变量的作用域

#include <stdio.h>

int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
    int value = 1001;

    if (value > 1000)
    {
        int value = 1;
        printf("Inner value is %d\n", value);   // Inner value is 1
    }

    printf("Outer value is %d\n", value);   // Outer value is 1001
    return 0;
}