C++继承和静态成员

6.1静态成员不分裂

继承与静态成员，静态成员只有一个，所有对象共享(包括基类对象和派生类对象)。

class Person
{
protected:
	static int num; // 个数
private:
public:
    Person() {}
    ~Person() {}
};
int Person::num = 0;
class Student : public Person
{
private:
public:
	Student()
    { 
        cout << "create student: "<< (num += 1) << endl;
    }
    ~Student()
    {
        cout << "Destroy student: "<< (num -= 1) << endl;
    } 
};
class Employee : public Person
{
private:
public:
	Employee() 
    {
        cout << "Create Employee : " << (num += 1) << endl; 
    }
    ~Employee() 
    { 
        cout <<"Destroy Employee : "<< (num -= 1) << endl; 
    }
};
int main()
{
	Student s1, s2, s3;
    Employee e1, e2;
	return 0;
}

 

总结：Person 基类中设计了static静态成员 num ，在基类外初始化。则整个继承体系里面只有一个静态num成员。无论派生出多少个子类，都只有一个static成员实例。

6.2静态成员分裂

template<class T>
class Person
{
protected:
	static int num; // 个数
private:
public:
    Person() {}
    ~Person() {}
};
template<class T>
int Person<T>::num = 0;
class Student : public Person<Student>
{
private:
public:
	Student()
    { 
        cout << "create student: "<< (num += 1) << endl;
    }
    ~Student()
    {
        cout << "Destroy student: "<< (num -= 1) << endl;
    } 
};
class Employee : public Person<Employee>
{
private:
public:
	Employee() 
    {
        cout << "Create Employee : " << (num += 1) << endl; 
    }
    ~Employee() 
    { 
        cout <<"Destroy Employee : "<< (num -= 1) << endl; 
    }
};
int main()
{
	Student s1, s2, s3;
    Employee e1, e2;
	return 0;
}

 原因：模板是产生代码的代码，模板Person类会分裂成两个实例化的类

 

Student类在继承时是以左边的实例化类为基类进行继承，Employee类在继承时是以右边的实例化类为基类进行继承的，二者的num是不同的num。

但如果Student类和Employee类继承的实例化类型相同，则num依然是同一个num。即：

class A
{};
class Student : public Person<A>
{
private:
public:
	Student()
    { 
        cout << "create student: "<< (num += 1) << endl;
    }
    ~Student()
    {
        cout << "Destroy student: "<< (num -= 1) << endl;
    } 
};
class Employee : public Person<A>
{
private:
public:
	Employee() 
    {
        cout << "Create Employee : " << (num += 1) << endl; 
    }
    ~Employee() 
    { 
        cout <<"Destroy Employee : "<< (num -= 1) << endl; 
    }
};
int main()
{
	Student s1, s2, s3;
    Employee e1, e2;
	return 0;
}

 A可以被任何类型进行替换，包括内置类型