一、编码规则
Base64编码的思想是是采用64个基本的ASCII码字符对数据进行重新编码。它将需要编码的数据拆分成字节数组。以3个字节为一组。按顺序排列24 位数据,再把这24位数据分成4组,即每组6位。再在每组的的最高位前补两个0凑足一个字节。这样就把一个3字节为一组的数据重新编码成了4个字节。当所要编码的数据的字节数不是3的整倍数,也就是说在分组时最后一组不够3个字节。这时在最后一组填充1到2个0字节。并在最后编码完成后在结尾添加1到2个 “=”。
例:将对ABC进行BASE64编码:
1、首先取ABC对应的ASCII码值。A(65)B(66)C(67);
2、再取二进制值A(01000001)B(01000010)C(01000011);
3、然后把这三个字节的二进制码接起来(010000010100001001000011);
4、 再以6位为单位分成4个数据块,并在最高位填充两个0后形成4个字节的编码后的值,(00010000)(00010100)(00001001)(00000011),其中蓝色部分为真实数据;
5、再把这四个字节数据转化成10进制数得(16)(20)(9)(3);
6、最后根据BASE64给出的64个基本字符表,查出对应的ASCII码字符(Q)(U)(J)(D),这里的值实际就是数据在字符表中的索引。
注:BASE64字符表:ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/
二、解码规则
解码过程就是把4个字节再还原成3个字节再根据不同的数据形式把字节数组重新整理成数据。
三、C#中的实现
编码类:
/// Base64编码类。
/// 将byte[]类型转换成Base64编码的string类型。
/// </summary>
public class Base64Encoder
{
byte [] source;
int length, length2;
int blockCount;
int paddingCount;
public static Base64Encoder Encoder = new Base64Encoder();
public Base64Encoder()
{
}
private void init( byte [] input)
{
source = input;
length = input.Length;
if ((length % 3 ) == 0 )
{
paddingCount = 0 ;
blockCount = length / 3 ;
}
else
{
paddingCount = 3 - (length % 3 );
blockCount = (length + paddingCount) / 3 ;
}
length2 = length + paddingCount;
}
public string GetEncoded( byte [] input)
{
// 初始化
init(input);
byte [] source2;
source2 = new byte [length2];
for ( int x = 0 ; x < length2; x ++ )
{
if (x < length)
{
source2[x] = source[x];
}
else
{
source2[x] = 0 ;
}
}
byte b1, b2, b3;
byte temp, temp1, temp2, temp3, temp4;
byte [] buffer = new byte [blockCount * 4 ];
char [] result = new char [blockCount * 4 ];
for ( int x = 0 ; x < blockCount; x ++ )
{
b1 = source2[x * 3 ];
b2 = source2[x * 3 + 1 ];
b3 = source2[x * 3 + 2 ];
temp1 = ( byte )((b1 & 252 ) >> 2 );
temp = ( byte )((b1 & 3 ) << 4 );
temp2 = ( byte )((b2 & 240 ) >> 4 );
temp2 += temp;
temp = ( byte )((b2 & 15 ) << 2 );
temp3 = ( byte )((b3 & 192 ) >> 6 );
temp3 += temp;
temp4 = ( byte )(b3 & 63 );
buffer[x * 4 ] = temp1;
buffer[x * 4 + 1 ] = temp2;
buffer[x * 4 + 2 ] = temp3;
buffer[x * 4 + 3 ] = temp4;
}
for ( int x = 0 ; x < blockCount * 4 ; x ++ )
{
result[x] = sixbit2char(buffer[x]);
}
switch (paddingCount)
{
case 0 : break ;
case 1 : result[blockCount * 4 - 1 ] = ' = ' ; break ;
case 2 : result[blockCount * 4 - 1 ] = ' = ' ;
result[blockCount * 4 - 2 ] = ' = ' ;
break ;
default : break ;
}
return new string (result);
}
private char sixbit2char( byte b)
{
char [] lookupTable = new char [ 64 ]{
' A ' , ' B ' , ' C ' , ' D ' , ' E ' , ' F ' , ' G ' , ' H ' , ' I ' , ' J ' , ' K ' , ' L ' , ' M ' ,
' N ' , ' O ' , ' P ' , ' Q ' , ' R ' , ' S ' , ' T ' , ' U ' , ' V ' , ' W ' , ' X ' , ' Y ' , ' Z ' ,
' a ' , ' b ' , ' c ' , ' d ' , ' e ' , ' f ' , ' g ' , ' h ' , ' i ' , ' j ' , ' k ' , ' l ' , ' m ' ,
' n ' , ' o ' , ' p ' , ' q ' , ' r ' , ' s ' , ' t ' , ' u ' , ' v ' , ' w ' , ' x ' , ' y ' , ' z ' ,
' 0 ' , ' 1 ' , ' 2 ' , ' 3 ' , ' 4 ' , ' 5 ' , ' 6 ' , ' 7 ' , ' 8 ' , ' 9 ' , ' + ' , ' / ' };
if ((b >= 0 ) && (b <= 63 ))
{
return lookupTable[( int )b];
}
else
{
return ' ' ;
}
}
}
解码类:
/// Base64解码类
/// 将Base64编码的string类型转换成byte[]类型
/// </summary>
public class Base64Decoder
{
char [] source;
int length, length2, length3;
int blockCount;
int paddingCount;
public static Base64Decoder Decoder = new Base64Decoder();
public Base64Decoder()
{
}
private void init( char [] input)
{
int temp = 0 ;
source = input;
length = input.Length;
for ( int x = 0 ; x < 2 ; x ++ )
{
if (input[length - x - 1 ] == ' = ' )
temp ++ ;
}
paddingCount = temp;
blockCount = length / 4 ;
length2 = blockCount * 3 ;
}
public byte [] GetDecoded( string strInput)
{
// 初始化
init(strInput.ToCharArray());
byte [] buffer = new byte [length];
byte [] buffer2 = new byte [length2];
for ( int x = 0 ; x < length; x ++ )
{
buffer[x] = char2sixbit(source[x]);
}
byte b, b1, b2, b3;
byte temp1, temp2, temp3, temp4;
for ( int x = 0 ; x < blockCount; x ++ )
{
temp1 = buffer[x * 4 ];
temp2 = buffer[x * 4 + 1 ];
temp3 = buffer[x * 4 + 2 ];
temp4 = buffer[x * 4 + 3 ];
b = ( byte )(temp1 << 2 );
b1 = ( byte )((temp2 & 48 ) >> 4 );
b1 += b;
b = ( byte )((temp2 & 15 ) << 4 );
b2 = ( byte )((temp3 & 60 ) >> 2 );
b2 += b;
b = ( byte )((temp3 & 3 ) << 6 );
b3 = temp4;
b3 += b;
buffer2[x * 3 ] = b1;
buffer2[x * 3 + 1 ] = b2;
buffer2[x * 3 + 2 ] = b3;
}
length3 = length2 - paddingCount;
byte [] result = new byte [length3];
for ( int x = 0 ; x < length3; x ++ )
{
result[x] = buffer2[x];
}
return result;
}
private byte char2sixbit( char c)
{
char [] lookupTable = new char [ 64 ]{
' A ' , ' B ' , ' C ' , ' D ' , ' E ' , ' F ' , ' G ' , ' H ' , ' I ' , ' J ' , ' K ' , ' L ' , ' M ' , ' N ' ,
' O ' , ' P ' , ' Q ' , ' R ' , ' S ' , ' T ' , ' U ' , ' V ' , ' W ' , ' X ' , ' Y ' , ' Z ' ,
' a ' , ' b ' , ' c ' , ' d ' , ' e ' , ' f ' , ' g ' , ' h ' , ' i ' , ' j ' , ' k ' , ' l ' , ' m ' , ' n ' ,
' o ' , ' p ' , ' q ' , ' r ' , ' s ' , ' t ' , ' u ' , ' v ' , ' w ' , ' x ' , ' y ' , ' z ' ,
' 0 ' , ' 1 ' , ' 2 ' , ' 3 ' , ' 4 ' , ' 5 ' , ' 6 ' , ' 7 ' , ' 8 ' , ' 9 ' , ' + ' , ' / ' };
if (c == ' = ' )
return 0 ;
else
{
for ( int x = 0 ; x < 64 ; x ++ )
{
if (lookupTable[x] == c)
return ( byte )x;
}
return 0 ;
}
}
}
// 解码类结束
提示:
上面的代码只是说明base64编码的原理,以便用更多语言重写。但.net里面可以使用更简单的方法:
编码:
Convert.ToBase64String(bytes);
string orgStr = Encoding.Default.GetString(outputb);
四.C#中DES和MD5的加密解密处理
using System;
using System.Text;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
using System.IO;
using UnityEngine;
public class StringEncryption
{
#region 方法一 C#中对字符串加密解密(对称算法)
private static byte[] Keys = {
0x12,
0x34,
0x56,
0x78,
0x90,
0xAB,
0xCD,
0xEF
};
/// <summary>
/// DES加密字符串
/// </summary>
/// <param name="encryptString">待加密的字符串</param>
/// <param name="encryptKey">加密密钥,要求为8位</param>
/// <returns>加密成功返回加密后的字符串,失败返回源串</returns>
public static string EncryptDES (string encryptString, string encryptKey)
{
try {
byte[] rgbKey = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes (encryptKey.Substring (0, 8));
byte[] rgbIV = Keys;
byte[] inputByteArray = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes (encryptString);
DESCryptoServiceProvider dCSP = new DESCryptoServiceProvider ();
MemoryStream mStream = new MemoryStream ();
CryptoStream cStream = new CryptoStream (mStream, dCSP.CreateEncryptor (rgbKey, rgbIV), CryptoStreamMode.Write);
cStream.Write (inputByteArray, 0, inputByteArray.Length);
cStream.FlushFinalBlock ();
cStream.Close ();
return Convert.ToBase64String (mStream.ToArray ());
} catch {
return encryptString;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// DES解密字符串
/// </summary>
/// <param name="decryptString">待解密的字符串</param>
/// <param name="decryptKey">解密密钥,要求为8位,和加密密钥相同</param>
/// <returns>解密成功返回解密后的字符串,失败返源串</returns>
public static string DecryptDES (string decryptString, string decryptKey)
{
try {
byte[] rgbKey = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes (decryptKey);
byte[] rgbIV = Keys;
byte[] inputByteArray = Convert.FromBase64String (decryptString);
DESCryptoServiceProvider DCSP = new DESCryptoServiceProvider ();
MemoryStream mStream = new MemoryStream ();
CryptoStream cStream = new CryptoStream (mStream, DCSP.CreateDecryptor (rgbKey, rgbIV), CryptoStreamMode.Write);
cStream.Write (inputByteArray, 0, inputByteArray.Length);
cStream.FlushFinalBlock ();
cStream.Close ();
return Encoding.UTF8.GetString (mStream.ToArray ());
} catch {
Debug.Log ("catch");
return decryptString;
}
}
#endregion
#region MD5不可逆加密
//32位加密
public string GetMD5_32 (string s, string _input_charset)
{
MD5 md5 = new MD5CryptoServiceProvider ();
byte[] t = md5.ComputeHash (Encoding.GetEncoding (_input_charset).GetBytes (s));
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder (32);
for (int i = 0; i < t.Length; i++) {
sb.Append (t [i].ToString ("x").PadLeft (2, '0'));
}
return sb.ToString ();
}
//16位加密
public static string GetMd5_16 (string ConvertString)
{
MD5CryptoServiceProvider md5 = new MD5CryptoServiceProvider ();
string t2 = BitConverter.ToString (md5.ComputeHash (UTF8Encoding.Default.GetBytes (ConvertString)), 2, 4);
t2 = t2.Replace ("-", "");
//t2 = ConvertStringToNumbers (t2);
return t2;
}