【小超_加密解密】Base64、DES、MD5加密解密原理

一、编码规则
      Base64编码的思想是是采用64个基本的ASCII码字符对数据进行重新编码。它将需要编码的数据拆分成字节数组。以3个字节为一组。按顺序排列24 位数据，再把这24位数据分成4组，即每组6位。再在每组的的最高位前补两个0凑足一个字节。这样就把一个3字节为一组的数据重新编码成了4个字节。当所要编码的数据的字节数不是3的整倍数，也就是说在分组时最后一组不够3个字节。这时在最后一组填充1到2个0字节。并在最后编码完成后在结尾添加1到2个 “=”。

例：将对ABC进行BASE64编码：

1、首先取ABC对应的ASCII码值。A（65）B（66）C（67）；
2、再取二进制值A（01000001）B（01000010）C（01000011）；
 3、然后把这三个字节的二进制码接起来（010000010100001001000011）；
4、 再以6位为单位分成4个数据块,并在最高位填充两个0后形成4个字节的编码后的值，（00010000）（00010100）（00001001）（00000011），其中蓝色部分为真实数据；
 5、再把这四个字节数据转化成10进制数得（16）（20）（9）（3）；
 6、最后根据BASE64给出的64个基本字符表，查出对应的ASCII码字符（Q）（U）（J）（D），这里的值实际就是数据在字符表中的索引。

注：BASE64字符表：ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/

二、解码规则
      解码过程就是把4个字节再还原成3个字节再根据不同的数据形式把字节数组重新整理成数据。

三、C#中的实现

编码类：

///   <summary>
     ///  Base64编码类。
     ///  将byte[]类型转换成Base64编码的string类型。
     ///   </summary>
     public   class  Base64Encoder
    {
         byte [] source;
         int  length, length2;
         int  blockCount;
         int  paddingCount;
         public   static  Base64Encoder Encoder  =   new  Base64Encoder();

         public  Base64Encoder()
        {
        }

         private   void  init( byte [] input)
        {
            source  =  input;
            length  =  input.Length;
             if  ((length  %   3 )  ==   0 )
            {
                paddingCount  =   0 ;
                blockCount  =  length  /   3 ;
            }
             else
            {
                paddingCount  =   3   -  (length  %   3 );
                blockCount  =  (length  +  paddingCount)  /   3 ;
            }
            length2  =  length  +  paddingCount;
        }

         public   string  GetEncoded( byte [] input)
        {
             // 初始化
            init(input);

             byte [] source2;
            source2  =   new   byte [length2];

             for  ( int  x  =   0 ; x  <  length2; x ++ )
            {
                 if  (x  <  length)
                {
                    source2[x]  =  source[x];
                }
                 else
                {
                    source2[x]  =   0 ;
                }
            }

             byte  b1, b2, b3;
             byte  temp, temp1, temp2, temp3, temp4;
             byte [] buffer  =   new   byte [blockCount  *   4 ];
             char [] result  =   new   char [blockCount  *   4 ];
             for  ( int  x  =   0 ; x  <  blockCount; x ++ )
            {
                b1  =  source2[x  *   3 ];
                b2  =  source2[x  *   3   +   1 ];
                b3  =  source2[x  *   3   +   2 ];

                temp1  =  ( byte )((b1  &   252 )  >>   2 );

                temp  =  ( byte )((b1  &   3 )  <<   4 );
                temp2  =  ( byte )((b2  &   240 )  >>   4 );
                temp2  +=  temp;

                temp  =  ( byte )((b2  &   15 )  <<   2 );
                temp3  =  ( byte )((b3  &   192 )  >>   6 );
                temp3  +=  temp;

                temp4  =  ( byte )(b3  &   63 );

                buffer[x  *   4 ]  =  temp1;
                buffer[x  *   4   +   1 ]  =  temp2;
                buffer[x  *   4   +   2 ]  =  temp3;
                buffer[x  *   4   +   3 ]  =  temp4;

            }

             for  ( int  x  =   0 ; x  <  blockCount  *   4 ; x ++ )
            {
                result[x]  =  sixbit2char(buffer[x]);
            }


             switch  (paddingCount)
            {
                 case   0 :  break ;
                 case   1 : result[blockCount  *   4   -   1 ]  =   ' = ' ;  break ;
                 case   2 : result[blockCount  *   4   -   1 ]  =   ' = ' ;
                    result[blockCount  *   4   -   2 ]  =   ' = ' ;
                     break ;
                 default :  break ;
            }
             return   new   string (result);
        }
         private   char  sixbit2char( byte  b)
        {
             char [] lookupTable  =   new   char [ 64 ]{
                   ' A ' , ' B ' , ' C ' , ' D ' , ' E ' , ' F ' , ' G ' , ' H ' , ' I ' , ' J ' , ' K ' , ' L ' , ' M ' ,
                  ' N ' , ' O ' , ' P ' , ' Q ' , ' R ' , ' S ' , ' T ' , ' U ' , ' V ' , ' W ' , ' X ' , ' Y ' , ' Z ' ,
                  ' a ' , ' b ' , ' c ' , ' d ' , ' e ' , ' f ' , ' g ' , ' h ' , ' i ' , ' j ' , ' k ' , ' l ' , ' m ' ,
                  ' n ' , ' o ' , ' p ' , ' q ' , ' r ' , ' s ' , ' t ' , ' u ' , ' v ' , ' w ' , ' x ' , ' y ' , ' z ' ,
                  ' 0 ' , ' 1 ' , ' 2 ' , ' 3 ' , ' 4 ' , ' 5 ' , ' 6 ' , ' 7 ' , ' 8 ' , ' 9 ' , ' + ' , ' / ' };

             if  ((b  >=   0 )  &&  (b  <=   63 ))
            {
                 return  lookupTable[( int )b];
            }
             else
            {

                 return   '   ' ;
            }
        }

    }

解码类：

///   <summary>
     ///  Base64解码类
     ///  将Base64编码的string类型转换成byte[]类型
     ///   </summary>
     public   class  Base64Decoder
    {
         char [] source;
         int  length, length2, length3;
         int  blockCount;
         int  paddingCount;
         public   static  Base64Decoder Decoder  =   new  Base64Decoder();

         public  Base64Decoder()
        {
        }

         private   void  init( char [] input)
        {
             int  temp  =   0 ;
            source  =  input;
            length  =  input.Length;

             for  ( int  x  =   0 ; x  <   2 ; x ++ )
            {
                 if  (input[length  -  x  -   1 ]  ==   ' = ' )
                    temp ++ ;
            }
            paddingCount  =  temp;

            blockCount  =  length  /   4 ;
            length2  =  blockCount  *   3 ;
        }

         public   byte [] GetDecoded( string  strInput)
        {
             // 初始化
            init(strInput.ToCharArray());

             byte [] buffer  =   new   byte [length];
             byte [] buffer2  =   new   byte [length2];

             for  ( int  x  =   0 ; x  <  length; x ++ )
            {
                buffer[x]  =  char2sixbit(source[x]);
            }

             byte  b, b1, b2, b3;
             byte  temp1, temp2, temp3, temp4;

             for  ( int  x  =   0 ; x  <  blockCount; x ++ )
            {
                temp1  =  buffer[x  *   4 ];
                temp2  =  buffer[x  *   4   +   1 ];
                temp3  =  buffer[x  *   4   +   2 ];
                temp4  =  buffer[x  *   4   +   3 ];

                b  =  ( byte )(temp1  <<   2 );
                b1  =  ( byte )((temp2  &   48 )  >>   4 );
                b1  +=  b;

                b  =  ( byte )((temp2  &   15 )  <<   4 );
                b2  =  ( byte )((temp3  &   60 )  >>   2 );
                b2  +=  b;

                b  =  ( byte )((temp3  &   3 )  <<   6 );
                b3  =  temp4;
                b3  +=  b;

                buffer2[x  *   3 ]  =  b1;
                buffer2[x  *   3   +   1 ]  =  b2;
                buffer2[x  *   3   +   2 ]  =  b3;
            }

            length3  =  length2  -  paddingCount;
             byte [] result  =   new   byte [length3];

             for  ( int  x  =   0 ; x  <  length3; x ++ )
            {
                result[x]  =  buffer2[x];
            }

             return  result;
        }

         private   byte  char2sixbit( char  c)
        {
             char [] lookupTable  =   new   char [ 64 ]{  
                  ' A ' , ' B ' , ' C ' , ' D ' , ' E ' , ' F ' , ' G ' , ' H ' , ' I ' , ' J ' , ' K ' , ' L ' , ' M ' , ' N ' ,
                  ' O ' , ' P ' , ' Q ' , ' R ' , ' S ' , ' T ' , ' U ' , ' V ' , ' W ' , ' X ' , ' Y ' ,  ' Z ' ,
                  ' a ' , ' b ' , ' c ' , ' d ' , ' e ' , ' f ' , ' g ' , ' h ' , ' i ' , ' j ' , ' k ' , ' l ' , ' m ' , ' n ' ,
                  ' o ' , ' p ' , ' q ' , ' r ' , ' s ' , ' t ' , ' u ' , ' v ' , ' w ' , ' x ' , ' y ' , ' z ' ,
                  ' 0 ' , ' 1 ' , ' 2 ' , ' 3 ' , ' 4 ' , ' 5 ' , ' 6 ' , ' 7 ' , ' 8 ' , ' 9 ' , ' + ' , ' / ' };
             if  (c  ==   ' = ' )
                 return   0 ;
             else
            {
                 for  ( int  x  =   0 ; x  <   64 ; x ++ )
                {
                     if  (lookupTable[x]  ==  c)
                         return  ( byte )x;
                }

                 return   0 ;
            }

        }
    }
     // 解码类结束

提示：

上面的代码只是说明base64编码的原理，以便用更多语言重写。但.net里面可以使用更简单的方法：
编码：

byte [] bytes = Encoding.Default.GetBytes( " 要转换的字符串 " );
Convert.ToBase64String(bytes);

解码：

byte [] outputb  =  Convert.FromBase64String( " ztKwrsTj " );
string  orgStr =  Encoding.Default.GetString(outputb);

四.C#中DES和MD5的加密解密处理

using System;
using System.Text;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
using System.IO;

using UnityEngine;

public class StringEncryption
{
	
	#region  方法一 C#中对字符串加密解密（对称算法）
		private static byte[] Keys = {
		0x12,
		0x34,
		0x56,
		0x78,
		0x90,
		0xAB,
		0xCD,
		0xEF
	};
		/// <summary>
		/// DES加密字符串
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="encryptString">待加密的字符串</param>
		/// <param name="encryptKey">加密密钥,要求为8位</param>
		/// <returns>加密成功返回加密后的字符串，失败返回源串</returns>
		public static string EncryptDES (string encryptString, string encryptKey)
		{
				try {
						byte[] rgbKey = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes (encryptKey.Substring (0, 8));
						byte[] rgbIV = Keys;
						byte[] inputByteArray = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes (encryptString);
						DESCryptoServiceProvider dCSP = new DESCryptoServiceProvider ();
						MemoryStream mStream = new MemoryStream ();
						CryptoStream cStream = new CryptoStream (mStream, dCSP.CreateEncryptor (rgbKey, rgbIV), CryptoStreamMode.Write);
						cStream.Write (inputByteArray, 0, inputByteArray.Length);
						cStream.FlushFinalBlock ();
						cStream.Close ();
						return Convert.ToBase64String (mStream.ToArray ());
				} catch {
						return encryptString;
				}
		}
	
		/// <summary>
		/// DES解密字符串
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="decryptString">待解密的字符串</param>
		/// <param name="decryptKey">解密密钥,要求为8位,和加密密钥相同</param>
		/// <returns>解密成功返回解密后的字符串，失败返源串</returns>
		public static string DecryptDES (string decryptString, string decryptKey)
		{
				try {
						byte[] rgbKey = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes (decryptKey);
						byte[] rgbIV = Keys;
						byte[] inputByteArray = Convert.FromBase64String (decryptString);
						DESCryptoServiceProvider DCSP = new DESCryptoServiceProvider ();
						MemoryStream mStream = new MemoryStream ();
						CryptoStream cStream = new CryptoStream (mStream, DCSP.CreateDecryptor (rgbKey, rgbIV), CryptoStreamMode.Write);
						cStream.Write (inputByteArray, 0, inputByteArray.Length);
						cStream.FlushFinalBlock ();
						cStream.Close ();
						return Encoding.UTF8.GetString (mStream.ToArray ());
				} catch {
						Debug.Log ("catch");
						return decryptString;
				}
		}
	#endregion
	
	
	
	
	
	
	#region MD5不可逆加密
		//32位加密
		public string GetMD5_32 (string s, string _input_charset)
		{
				MD5 md5 = new MD5CryptoServiceProvider ();
				byte[] t = md5.ComputeHash (Encoding.GetEncoding (_input_charset).GetBytes (s));
				StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder (32);
				for (int i = 0; i < t.Length; i++) {
						sb.Append (t [i].ToString ("x").PadLeft (2, '0'));
				}
				return sb.ToString ();
		}

	
		//16位加密
		public static string GetMd5_16 (string ConvertString)
		{
				MD5CryptoServiceProvider md5 = new MD5CryptoServiceProvider ();
				string t2 = BitConverter.ToString (md5.ComputeHash (UTF8Encoding.Default.GetBytes (ConvertString)), 2, 4);
				t2 = t2.Replace ("-", "");
				//t2 = ConvertStringToNumbers (t2);
				return t2;
		}