CentOS配置本地Yum源、阿里云Yum源、163Yum源、并配置Yum源的优先级

一、用Centos镜像搭建本地Yum源

由于安装centos后的默认Yum源为centos的官方地址，所以在国内使用很慢甚至无法访问，所以一般的做法都是把默认的Yum源替换成aliyun的Yum源或者163等国内的Yum源(下文介绍如何配置)。  但是以上的方法都是需要网络的，当没有网络的时候就无法使用了，所以还有一个常用的方法就是用Centos的ISO镜像搭建本地Yum源，这样安装软件的速度就会飞快，缺点是可能有些包没有。

1. 安装Centos后默认的Yum源如下

1. [root@kangvcar ~]# ll /etc/yum.repos.d/

2. total 32

3. -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1664 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-Base.repo

4. -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1309 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-CR.repo

5. -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 649 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-Debuginfo.repo

6. -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 290 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-fasttrack.repo

7. -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 630 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-Media.repo

8. -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1331 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-Sources.repo

9. -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1952 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-Vault.repo

1. 把默认Yum源备份(可选)

1. [root@kangvcar ~]# mkdir /opt/centos-yum.bak

2. [root@kangvcar ~]# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/* /opt/centos-yum.bak/

1. 在虚拟机上挂载CentOS镜像文件

1. [root@kangvcar ~]# mount -t iso9660 /dev/sr0 /opt/centos

2. mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only

1. 编写repo文件并指向镜像的挂载目录

1. [root@kangvcar ~]# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo

2. [local]

3. name=local

4. baseurl=file:///opt/centos

5. enabled=1

6. gpgcheck=0

1. 清除缓存

1. [root@kangvcar ~]# yum clean all

2. Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

3. Cleaning repos: local

4. Cleaning up everything

5. Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors

6. [root@kangvcar ~]# yum makecache //把Yum源缓存到本地，加快软件的搜索好安装速度

7. [root@kangvcar ~]# yum list //列出了3780个包

二、把默认的CentOS Yum源修改成国内的aliyun Yum源

阿里云官方教程：http://mirrors.aliyun.com/help/centos

1. 安装Centos后默认的Yum源如下

1. [root@kangvcar ~]# ll /etc/yum.repos.d/

2. total 32

3. -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1664 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-Base.repo

4. -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1309 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-CR.repo

5. -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 649 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-Debuginfo.repo

6. -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 290 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-fasttrack.repo

7. -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 630 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-Media.repo

8. -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1331 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-Sources.repo

9. -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1952 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-Vault.repo

1. 把默认Yum源备份(可选)

1. [root@kangvcar ~]# mkdir /opt/centos-yum.bak

2. [root@kangvcar ~]# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/* /opt/centos-yum.bak/

1. 下载aliyun Yum源repo文件(对应自己的系统版本下载即可)

1. #各系统版本repo文件对应的下载操作

2. CentOS 5

3. wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-5.repo

4. CentOS 6

5. wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo

6. CentOS 7

7. wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

1. [root@kangvcar ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release //查看系统的版本

2. CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)

3. [root@kangvcar ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

4. --2017-06-20 06:43:08-- http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

5. Resolving mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)... 112.124.140.210, 115.28.122.210

6. Connecting to mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)|112.124.140.210|:80... connected.

7. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK

8. Length: 2573 (2.5K) [application/octet-stream]

9. Saving to: ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo’

10. 100%[=======================================================================================================>] 2,573 --.-K/s in 0s

11. 2017-06-20 06:43:08 (118 MB/s) - ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo’ saved [2573/2573]

1. 清除缓存

1. [root@kangvcar ~]# yum clean all

2. Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

3. Cleaning repos: base extras updates

4. Cleaning up everything

5. Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors

6. [root@kangvcar ~]# yum makecache //把Yum源缓存到本地，加快软件的搜索好安装速度

7. [root@kangvcar ~]# yum list //总共列出了9954个包

三、把默认的CentOS Yum源修改成国内的163源

163官方教程：CentOS镜像使用帮助

1. 安装Centos后默认的Yum源如下

1. [root@kangvcar ~]# ll /etc/yum.repos.d/

2. total 32

3. -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1664 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-Base.repo

4. -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1309 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-CR.repo

5. -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 649 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-Debuginfo.repo

6. -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 290 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-fasttrack.repo

7. -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 630 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-Media.repo

8. -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1331 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-Sources.repo

9. -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1952 Dec 9 2015 CentOS-Vault.repo

1. 把默认Yum源备份(可选)

1. [root@kangvcar ~]# mkdir /opt/centos-yum.bak

2. [root@kangvcar ~]# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/* /opt/centos-yum.bak/

1. 下载163 Yum源repo文件

1. #各系统版本repo文件对应的下载操作

2. CentOS 5

3. wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS5-Base-163.repo http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS5-Base-163.repo

4. CentOS 6

5. wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS6-Base-163.repo http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repo

6. CentOS 7

7. wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo

1. [root@kangvcar ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release //查看系统的版本

2. CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)

3. [root@kangvcar ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo

4. --2017-06-20 06:29:47-- http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo

5. Resolving mirrors.163.com (mirrors.163.com)... 123.58.173.185, 123.58.173.186

6. Connecting to mirrors.163.com (mirrors.163.com)|123.58.173.185|:80... connected.

7. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK

8. Length: 1572 (1.5K) [application/octet-stream]

9. Saving to: ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo’

10. 100%[=======================================================================================================>] 1,572 --.-K/s in 0s

11. 2017-06-20 06:29:47 (293 MB/s) - ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo’ saved [1572/1572]

1. 清除缓存

1. [root@kangvcar ~]# yum clean all

2. Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

3. Cleaning repos: base extras updates

4. Cleaning up everything

5. Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors

6. [root@kangvcar ~]# yum makecache //把Yum源缓存到本地，加快软件的搜索好安装速度

7. [root@kangvcar ~]# yum list //总共列出了9951个包

四、修改Yum源的优先级

当既有本地Yum源又有163源的时候，我们在装软件包的时候当然希望先用本地的Yum源去安装，本地找不到可用的包时再使用163源去安装软件,这里就涉及到了优先级的问题，Yum提供的插件yum-plugin-priorities.noarch可以解决这个问题

1. 查看系统是否安装了优先级的插件

1. [root@kangvcar ~]# rpm -qa | grep yum-plugin-

2. yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-34.el7.noarch

3. //这里看到没有安装yum-plugin-priorities.noarch这个插件

4. [root@kangvcar ~]# yum search yum-plugin-priorities

5. //用search查看是否有此插件可用

6. Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

7. Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

8. * base: mirrors.aliyun.com

9. * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com

10. * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com

11. ====================================================== N/S matched: yum-plugin-priorities =======================================================

12. yum-plugin-priorities.noarch : plugin to give priorities to packages from different repos

1. 安装yum-plugin-priorities.noarch插件

[root@kangvcar ~]# yum -y install yum-plugin-priorities.noarch

1. 查看插件是否启用

1. [root@kangvcar ~]# cat /etc/yum/pluginconf.d/priorities.conf

2. [main]

3. enabled = 1

4. //1为启用；0为禁用

1. 修改本地Yum源优先使用

1. [root@kangvcar ~]# ll /etc/yum.repos.d/

2. total 8

3. -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2573 May 15 2015 CentOS-Base.repo

4. -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 67 Jun 20 06:04 local.repo

5. //有两个repo文件

6. [root@kangvcar ~]# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo

7. [local]

8. name=local

9. baseurl=file:///opt/centos

10. enabled=1

11. gpgcheck=0

12. priority=1

13. //在原基础上加入priority=1 ；数字越小优先级越高

14. //可以继续修改其他源的priority值，经测试仅配置本地源的优先级为priority=1就会优先使用本地源了

1. 测试

1. 配置优先级前：(使用阿里云Yum源)

2. [root@kangvcar ~]# yum -y install vim

3. Dependencies Resolved

4. =================================================================================================================================================

5. Package Arch Version Repository Size

6. =================================================================================================================================================

7. Installing:

8. vim-enhanced x86_64 2:7.4.160-1.el7_3.1 updates 1.0 M

9. Updating for dependencies:

10. vim-common x86_64 2:7.4.160-1.el7_3.1 updates 5.9 M

11. 省略···

1. 配置优先级后：(使用本地Yum源)

2. [root@kangvcar ~]# yum -y install vim

3. Dependencies Resolved

4. =================================================================================================================================================

5. Package Arch Version Repository Size

6. =================================================================================================================================================

7. Installing:

8. vim-enhanced x86_64 2:7.4.160-1.el7 local 1.0 M

9. Installing for dependencies:

10. gpm-libs x86_64 1.20.7-5.el7 local 32 k

11. perl x86_64 4:5.16.3-286.el7 local 8.0 M

12. perl-Carp noarch 1.26-244.el7 local 19 k

13. perl-Encode x86_64 2.51-7.el7 local 1.5 M

14. perl-Exporter noarch 5.68-3.el7 local 28 k

15. perl-File-Path noarch 2.09-2.el7 local 26 k

16. perl-File-Temp noarch 0.23.01-3.el7 local 56 k

17. 省略···