c++模板重载之字符串模板库的简单实现

#pragma once

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;


class errorOutRange
{
	
};
//字符串模板库的实现 参考http://edu.51cto.com/lesson/id-86642.html
template <class T=char>
class String
{
public:
	String();
	~String();
	String(const T* p);//char* 构造函数

	String(const String& str);//拷贝构造函数
	void operator = (const String& str);//赋值构造函数

	String operator + (const String& str);
	void operator += (const String& str);

	T operator [](int id);

	void show(); 
	//流式运算符重载
	friend ostream& operator <<(ostream& o, const String<T> &str)
	{
		o << str.pStart;
		return o;
	};
	
private:
	T* pStart=nullptr;
	int length = 0;
};

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 

#include "String.h"

template <class T>
String<T>::String() :pStart(nullptr),length(0)
{
}

template <class T>
String<T>::String(const T* p)
{
	//c++需要严格注意类型匹配。
	if (strcmp(typeid(T).name(), "char")==0)
	{
		this->length = strlen(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(p))+1;//字符串长度需要加1 \0
		this->pStart = new T[this->length];

		strcpy(reinterpret_cast<char*>(this->pStart), reinterpret_cast<const char*>(p));

	}
	else if (strcmp(typeid(T).name(), "wchar_t") == 0)
	{
		this->length = wcslen(reinterpret_cast<const wchar_t*>(p))+1;
		this->pStart = new T[this->length];
		wcscpy(reinterpret_cast<wchar_t*>(this->pStart), reinterpret_cast<const wchar_t*>(p));

	}
	else
	{
		cout << "类型不匹配，请检查输入的类型" << endl;
	}
}

template <class T>
void String<T>::operator = (const String& str)
{
	//释放原来的数据
	if (this->pStart != nullptr)
	{
		delete[] this->pStart;
	}
	this->length = 0;


	this->length = str->length;
	this->pStart = new T[this->length];
	if (strcmp(typeid(T).name(), "char") == 0)
	{
		strcpy(reinterpret_cast<char*>(this->pStart), reinterpret_cast<const char*>(str->pStart));

	}
	else if (strcmp(typeid(T).name(), "wchar_t") == 0)
	{
		wscpy(reinterpret_cast<wchar_t*>(this->pStart), reinterpret_cast<const wchar_t*>(str->pStart));

	}
	else
	{
		cout << "类型不匹配，请检查输入的类型" << endl;
	}

}
template <class T>
T String<T>::operator [](int id)
{
	if (id<0 || id>=this->length)
	{
		throw errorOutRange();
	}
	return this->pStart[id];
}

template <class T>
String<T>::String(const String& str)
{
	//拷贝构造函数需要释放原来的数据
	if (this->pStart != nullptr)
	{
		delete[] this->pStart;
	}
	this->length = 0;

	this->length = str.length;
	this->pStart = new T[this->length];

	if (strcmp(typeid(T).name(), "char") == 0)
	{
		strcpy(reinterpret_cast<char*>(this->pStart), reinterpret_cast<const char*>(str.pStart));

	}
	else if (strcmp(typeid(T).name(), "wchar_t") == 0)
	{
		wcscpy(reinterpret_cast<wchar_t*>(this->pStart), reinterpret_cast<const wchar_t*>(str.pStart));

	}else
	{
		cout << "类型不匹配，请检查输入的类型" << endl;
	}
}

template <class T>
void String<T>::show()
{
	if(strcmp(typeid(T).name(), "char") == 0)
	{
		cout << reinterpret_cast<char*>(this->pStart) << endl;
	}
	else if (strcmp(typeid(T).name(), "wchar_t") == 0)
	{
		wcout << reinterpret_cast<wchar_t*>(this->pStart) << endl;
	}else
	{
		cout << "类型不匹配，请检查输入的类型" << endl;
	}
}

template <class T>
String<T>::~String()
{
	if (this->pStart!= nullptr)
	{
		delete[] this->pStart;
	}
}


//返回对象需要实例化 String<T>
template <class T>
String<T> String<T>::operator + (const String& str)
{
	String<T> strTemp;
	strTemp.length = this->length + str.length - 1;
	strTemp.pStart = new T[strTemp.length];
	if (strcmp(typeid(T).name(), "char") == 0)
	{
		strcpy(reinterpret_cast<char*>(strTemp.pStart), reinterpret_cast<char*>(this->pStart));
		strcat(reinterpret_cast<char*>(strTemp.pStart), reinterpret_cast<const char*>(str.pStart));
	}
	else if (strcmp(typeid(T).name(), "wchar_t") == 0)
	{
		wcscpy(reinterpret_cast<wchar_t*>(strTemp.pStart), reinterpret_cast<wchar_t*>(this->pStart));
		wcscat(reinterpret_cast<wchar_t*>(strTemp.pStart), reinterpret_cast<const wchar_t*>(str.pStart));
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "类型不匹配，请检查输入的类型" << endl;
	}
		
	//会调用拷贝构造函数
	return strTemp;

}

template <class T>
void String<T>::operator += (const String& str)
{
	//"123"  4 "1234" 5
	this->length += (str.length-1);//长度

	T* temp = new T[this->length];
	if (strcmp(typeid(T).name(), "char") == 0)
	{
		strcpy(reinterpret_cast<char*>(temp), reinterpret_cast<char*>(this->pStart));
		strcat(reinterpret_cast<char*>(temp), reinterpret_cast<const char*>(str.pStart));
		delete[] this->pStart;

		this->pStart = temp;//拷贝
	}
	else if (strcmp(typeid(T).name(), "wchar_t") == 0)
	{
		wcscpy(reinterpret_cast<wchar_t*>(temp), reinterpret_cast<wchar_t*>(this->pStart));
		wcscat(reinterpret_cast<wchar_t*>(temp), reinterpret_cast<const wchar_t*>(str.pStart));
		
		delete[] this->pStart;
		this->pStart = temp;//拷贝

	}
	else
	{
		cout << "类型不匹配，请检查输入的类型" << endl;
	}


}

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <cstdlib>

#include "String.h"
#include  "String.cpp"  //template类需要连接源文件
using namespace std;

int main1()
{
	//String<char> str1;
	//String<wchar_t> str2;
	String<char> str1("hello");
	str1.show();
	String<wchar_t> str2(L"world");
	str2.show();
	cin.get();
	return 0;
}
void test()
{
	String<char> str1("test");
	str1.show();
	
}
void main2()
{
	String<char> str1("hello");
	str1.show();
	String<wchar_t> str2(L"world");
	str2.show();
	test();

	cin.get();
}

void main3()
{
	String<char> str1("hello");
	String<char> str2("world");
	str1 += str2;
	str1.show();

	(str1 + str2).show();

	String<char> str3=str1+str2;
	str3.show();
	cin.get();
}
void main4()
{
	String<wchar_t> str1(L"hello");
	String<wchar_t> str2(L"java");
	str1 += str2;
	str1.show();

	(str1 + str2).show();

	String<wchar_t> str3 = str1 + str2;
	str3.show();
	cin.get();
}

void main()
{
	//默认模板
	String<> str1("hello");
	String<> str2("world");
	
	String<> str3 = str1 + str2;
	str3.show();

	str1 += str2;
	str1.show();

	//测试流运算符。
	cout << str1 << endl;
	cout << str2 << endl;
	cout << str3 << endl;
	cin.get();
}

学习c++模板和运算符重载的例子