java.io.IOException: All specified directories have failed to load.

java.io.IOException: All specified directories have failed to load.

java.io.IOException: All specified directories have failed to load.
    at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataStorage.recoverTransitionRead(DataStorage.java:552)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataNode.initStorage(DataNode.java:1705)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataNode.initBlockPool(DataNode.java:1665)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.BPOfferService.verifyAndSetNamespaceInfo(BPOfferService.java:390)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.BPServiceActor.connectToNNAndHandshake(BPServiceActor.java:280)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.BPServiceActor.run(BPServiceActor.java:816)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)

产生原因：
namenode和datanode的clusterID不同了。
解决办法：找到namenode和datanode的VERSION文件，文件路径在hdfs-site.xml中配置，我的是如下路径，每个人的路径根据自己的配置有所不同

<property>
    <name>dfs.namenode.name.dir</name>
    <value>file:///export/servers/hadoop-3.1.1/datas/namenode/namenodedatas</value>
</property>

<property>
    <name>dfs.datanode.data.dir</name>
    <value>file:///export/servers/hadoop-3.1.1/datas/datanode/datanodeDatas</value>
</property>

把datanode的clusterID改为namenode的clusterID，记住所有机器的datanode的clusterID都要改，然后重新启动hadoop即可。