CHECKPOINT flushes modified data pages to disk:
[CHECKPOINT] Writes all dirty pages for the current database to disk . Dirty pages are data pages that have been entered into the buffer cache and modified, but not yet written to disk. Checkpoints save time during a later recovery by creating a point at which all dirty pages are guaranteed to have been written to disk.
DBCC DROPCLEANBUFFERS then removes any non dirty (iow, clean) pages :
Use DBCC DROPCLEANBUFFERS to test queries with a cold buffer cache without shutting down and restarting the server.
To drop clean buffers from the buffer pool, first use CHECKPOINT to produce a cold buffer cache. This forces all dirty pages for the current database to be written to disk and cleans the buffers. After you do this, you can issue DBCC DROPCLEANBUFFERS command to remove all buffers from the buffer pool.
The end result is that you're starting with nothing cached.
http://www.sql-server-performance.com/tips/dbcc_commands_p1.aspx
DBCC DROPCLEANBUFFERS : Use this command to remove all the data from SQL Server's data cache (buffer) between performance tests to ensure fair testing. Keep in mind that this command only removes clean buffers, not dirty buffers. Because of this, before running the DBCC DROPCLEANBUFFERS command, you may first want to run the CHECKPOINT command first. Running CHECKPOINT will write all dirty buffers to disk. And then when you run DBCC DROPCLEANBUFFERS, you can be assured that all data buffers are cleaned out, not just the clean ones.
IMPORTANT!!! - DO NOT RUN THEM IN PRODUCTION SERVER
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