http://blog.sqlauthority.com/2008/08/23/sql-server-2008-configure-database-mail-send-email-from-sql-database/
USE msdb
GO
EXEC sp_send_dbmail @profile_name = 'PinalProfile' ,
@recipients = 'test@Example.com' ,
@subject = 'Test message' ,
@body = 'This is the body of the test message.
Congrates Database Mail Received By you Successfully.'
Database Mail keeps copies of outgoing e-mail messages and displays them in the sysmail_allitems, sysmail_sentitems , sysmail_unsentitems , sysmail_faileditems . The status of the mail sent can be seen in sysmail_mailitems table, when the mail is sent successfully the sent_status field of the sysmail_mailitems table is set to 1 which can again be seen in sysmail_sentitems table. The mails that are failed will have the sent_status field value to 2 and those are unsent will have value 3.
The log can be checked in sysmail_log table as shown below:
SELECT *
FROM sysmail_mailitems
GO
SELECT *
FROM sysmail_log
GO