Java Web学习(36)：Filter学习(三)

最新推荐文章于 2022-10-19 19:45:18 发布

life is wonderful

最新推荐文章于 2022-10-19 19:45:18 发布

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分类专栏： JavaWeb Java Web学习之路文章标签： Filter Servlet Java注解 JavaEE JavaWeb

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/erlian1992/article/details/52215978

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解决项目字符乱码

乱码问题说明：基本上在每个Servlet中都要处理乱码问题，所以应该把这个工作放到过滤器中来完成。

获取请求参数中的乱码问题：

POST请求：request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");

GET请求：new String(request.getParamter("xxx").getBytes("ISO-8859-1","UTF-8");

响应的乱码问题：

response.setContextType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");

代码实现：

EncodingServlet.java

package com.servlet;


import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;


import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;


/**
 * Servlet implementation class EncodingServlet
 */
@WebServlet(name="EncodingServlet",urlPatterns={"/EncodingServlet"})
public class EncodingServlet extends HttpServlet {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
       
    /**
     * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
     */
    public EncodingServlet() {
        super();
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }


	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
	 */
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		//响应乱码问题
		response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
		
		String username = request.getParameter("username");
		PrintWriter out =response.getWriter();
		out.println(username);
	}


	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
	 */
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		//响应乱码问题
		response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
		
		String username = request.getParameter("username");
		PrintWriter out =response.getWriter();
		out.println(username);
	}


}

EncoddingRequest.java

package com.filter;


import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;


import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper;


/**
 * 装饰request
 * @author Administrator
 * @date 2016年8月13日
 */
public class EncodingRequest extends HttpServletRequestWrapper {
	private HttpServletRequest req;
	
	public EncodingRequest(HttpServletRequest request) {
		super(request);
		this.req = request;
	}
	
	public String getParameter(String name) {
		String value = req.getParameter(name);
		
		//处理编码问题
		try {
			value = new String(value.getBytes("ISO-8859-1"),"UTF-8");
		} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
			throw new RuntimeException(e);
		}
		
		return value;
	}
}

EncodingFilter.java

package com.filter;


import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebFilter;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;


/**
 * Servlet Filter implementation class EncodingFilter
 */
@WebFilter(filterName="EncodingFilter",urlPatterns={"/encode.jsp"})
public class EncodingFilter implements Filter {
	
	 /**
     * Default constructor. 
     */
    public EncodingFilter() {
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }


	/**
	 * @see Filter#destroy()
	 */
	public void destroy() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
	}


	
	/**
	 * @see Filter#doFilter(ServletRequest, ServletResponse, FilterChain)
	 */
	public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        //处理POST请求编码问题
		request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
		
		//处理GET请求编码问题
		HttpServletRequest req = (HttpServletRequest)request;
		if(req.getMethod().equals("GET")){
			EncodingRequest er = new EncodingRequest(req);
			chain.doFilter(er, response);
		}else if(req.getMethod().equals("POST")) {
	 	    chain.doFilter(request, response);
		}
		
	}
	
	/**
	 * @see Filter#init(FilterConfig)
	 */
	public void init(FilterConfig fConfig) throws ServletException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
	}


}

encode.jsp页面：

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>字符乱码问题</title>
</head>
<body>
        <a href="EncodingServlet?username=张三">GET请求</a>
        <form action="EncodingServlet" method="post"> 
             用户名：<input type="text" name="username"  value="李四"/>
             <input type="submit" value="登录" />
        </form>
</body>
</html>

运行结果：

使用GET请求：

使用POST请求：

分IP统计网站的访问次数

网站统计每个IP地址访问本网站的次数说明：因为一个网站可能有多个页面，无论哪个页面被访问，都要统计访

问次数，所以使用过滤器最为方便。

统计工作需要在所有资源之前都执行，那么就可以放到Filter中了。我们这个过滤器不打算做拦截操作，因为我们

只是用来做统计的。

装载统计数据的容器：Map<String,Object>，整个网站只需要一个Map即可。

Map需要在Filter中用来保存数据。

Map需要在页面使用，打印Map中的数据。

Map需要使用ServletContextListener在服务器启动时完成创建，并只保存到ServletContext中。

代码实现：

IPListener.java

package com.listener;


import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.Map;


import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebListener;


/**
 * Application Lifecycle Listener implementation class IPListener
 *
 */
@WebListener
public class IPListener implements ServletContextListener {


    /**
     * Default constructor. 
     */
    public IPListener() {
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }


	/**
     * @see ServletContextListener#contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent)
     */
    public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent arg0)  { 
         // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    }


	/**
	 * 在服务器启动时创建Map，保存到ServletContext
     * @see ServletContextListener#contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent)
     */
    public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent servletContextEvent)  { 
    	 //创建Map
         Map<String, Integer> map = new LinkedHashMap<String,Integer>();
         //得到ServletContext
         ServletContext application = servletContextEvent.getServletContext();
         //把map保存到application中
         application.setAttribute("map", map);
         
    }
	
}

IPFilter.java

package com.filter;


import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Map;


import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebFilter;


/**
 * 从application中获取Map
 * 从request中得到当前客户端的IP
 * 进行统计工作，结果保存到Map中
 */
@WebFilter(filterName="IPFilter",urlPatterns={"/*"})
public class IPFilter implements Filter {
	
	private  FilterConfig confige; 


    /**
     * Default constructor. 
     */
    public IPFilter() {
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }


	/**
	 * @see Filter#destroy()
	 */
	public void destroy() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
	}


	/**
	 * @see Filter#doFilter(ServletRequest, ServletResponse, FilterChain)
	 */
	public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		// place your code here
		//1得到application中的map
		ServletContext app = confige.getServletContext();
		Map<String, Integer> map = (Map<String, Integer>)app.getAttribute("map");
		//2从request中获取当前客户端的IP地址
		String ip = request.getRemoteAddr();
		//3查看map中的是否存在这个IP对应访问次数，如果存在，把次数+1再保存回去
		//如果不存在这个IP，那么说明是第一次访问本站，设置访问次数为1
		if(map.containsKey(ip)){
			int cnt = map.get(ip);
			map.put(ip, cnt+1);
		}else {
			map.put(ip, 1);
		}
		//4把map放回到app中
		app.setAttribute("map", map);
		// 放行
		chain.doFilter(request, response);
	}


	/**
	 * 在服务器启动时执行此方法，而且只执行一次
	 * @see Filter#init(FilterConfig)
	 */
	public void init(FilterConfig fConfig) throws ServletException {
		this.confige = fConfig;
	}


}

show.jsp页面：

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!-- 导入JSTL标签库 -->
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>结果页面</title>
</head>
<body>
     <h1 align="center">显示结果</h1>
     <table align="center" width="60%" border="1">
           <tr>
              <td>IP</td>
              <td>次数</td>
           </tr>
           <c:forEach items="${applicationScope.map}" var="entry">
           <tr>
              <td>${entry.key}</td>
              <td>${entry.value}</td>
           </tr>
           </c:forEach>
     </table>
</body>
</html>

运行结果：

页面静态化

页面静态化说明：首次访问去数据库获取数据，然后把数据保存到一个HTML页面中。第二次访问以及以后的访

问，就不再去访问数据库了，而是直接显示HTML。

项目所用数据库：

create database imooc charset utf8;

create table imooc_book(
    bid char(32) primary key,
    bname varchar(100),
    price numeric(10,2),
    category int
)charset utf8;


insert into imooc_book values('b1','JavaSE_1',10,1);
insert into imooc_book values('b2','JavaSE_2',15,1);
insert into imooc_book values('b3','JavaSE_3',20,1);
insert into imooc_book values('b4','JavaSE_4',25,1);


insert into imooc_book values('b5','JavaEE_1',30,2);
insert into imooc_book values('b6','JavaEE_1',35,2);
insert into imooc_book values('b7','JavaEE_1',40,2);


insert into imooc_book values('b8','Java_framework_1',45,3);
insert into imooc_book values('b9','Java_framework_2',50,3);

整个项目的概述：

JSP：link.jsp页面：链接页面，四个超链接：1)查看所有、2)查看SE分类、3)查看EE分类、4)查看框架分类

show.jsp页面：显示查询结果

servlet：BookServlet的findAll()方法：查看所有图书

BookServlet的findByCategory()方法：按分类进行查询

service：BookService略

dao：BookDao的List<Book> findAll()方法：从数据查询出所有图书

BookDao的List<Book> findByCategory(int category)方法：从数据库分类进行查询

domain：Book实体类：与数据库相对应

filter：StaticFilter.java用于判断请求是否为首次请求并作出响应的处理

StaticResponse.java生成静态HTML文件

相关jar包导入：

代码实现：

Book.java

package com.domain;


/**
 * Book实体类
 * @author Administrator
 * @date 2016年8月16日
 */
public class Book {
	private String bid;
	private String bname;
	private double price;
	private int category;


	public String getBid() {
		return bid;
	}


	public void setBid(String bid) {
		this.bid = bid;
	}


	public String getBname() {
		return bname;
	}


	public void setBname(String bname) {
		this.bname = bname;
	}


	public double getPrice() {
		return price;
	}


	public void setPrice(double price) {
		this.price = price;
	}


	public int getCategory() {
		return category;
	}


	public void setCategory(int category) {
		this.category = category;
	}


	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Book [bid=" + bid + ", bname=" + bname + ", price=" + price + ", category=" + category + "]";
	}
	
	
}

BookDao.java

package com.dao;


import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.List;


import org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.BeanListHandler;


import com.domain.Book;


import cn.itcast.jdbc.TxQueryRunner;


public class BookDao {
	private QueryRunner qr = new TxQueryRunner();
	
	public List<Book> findAll(){
		try {
			String sql = "select * from imooc_book";
			return qr.query(sql, new BeanListHandler<Book>(Book.class));
		} catch (SQLException e) {
			throw new RuntimeException();
		}
	}
	
	public List<Book> findByCategory(int category){
		try {
			String sql = "select * from imooc_book where category=?";
			return qr.query(sql, new BeanListHandler<Book>(Book.class),category);
		} catch (SQLException e) {
			throw new RuntimeException();
		}
		
	}
}

BookServlet.java

package com.servlet;


import java.io.IOException;


import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;


import com.dao.BookDao;


import cn.itcast.servlet.BaseServlet;


/**
 * Servlet implementation class BookServlet
 */
@WebServlet("/BookServlet")
public class BookServlet extends BaseServlet {
	
	private BookDao bookDao = new BookDao();


	public String findAll(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException,IOException{
		request.setAttribute("bookList", bookDao.findAll());
		return "/show.jsp";//转发
	}
	
	public String findByCategory(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException,IOException{
		String value = request.getParameter("category");
		int category = Integer.parseInt(value);
		request.setAttribute("bookList", bookDao.findByCategory(category));
		return "/show.jsp";//转发
	}
}

StaticFilter.java

package com.filter;


import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebFilter;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;


/**
 * Servlet Filter implementation class StaticFilter
 */
@WebFilter(filterName="StaticFilter",urlPatterns = { "/BookServlet" })
public class StaticFilter implements Filter {


	private FilterConfig config;
	
    /**
     * Default constructor. 
     */
    public StaticFilter() {
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }


	/**
	 * @see Filter#destroy()
	 */
	public void destroy() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
	}


	/**
	 * @see Filter#doFilter(ServletRequest, ServletResponse, FilterChain)
	 */
	public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
		HttpServletRequest req = (HttpServletRequest) request;
		HttpServletResponse res = (HttpServletResponse) response;
		/*
		 * 第一次访问时，查找请求对应的HTML页面是否存在，如果存在，重定向到HTML页面
		 * 如果不存在，放行，把Servlet访问数据库后，输出给客户端的数据保存到一个HTML文件中
		 * 然后再重定向到HTML页面
		 */
        //获取category参数，category有四种可能
	    String category = request.getParameter("category");
	    String htmlPage = category + ".html";
	    String htmlPath = config.getServletContext().getRealPath("/htmls");
	    File destFile = new File(htmlPath,htmlPage);
	    
	    //如果文件存在
	    if(destFile.exists()){
	    	res.sendRedirect(req.getContextPath() + "/htmls/" + htmlPage);
	    	return ;
	    }
	    
	    //如果不存在
	    StaticResponse sr = new StaticResponse(res, destFile.getAbsolutePath());
		chain.doFilter(request, sr);//放行，即生成HTML文件
		//重定向到HTML文件
		res.sendRedirect(req.getContextPath() + "/htmls/" + htmlPage);
	}


	/**
	 * @see Filter#init(FilterConfig)
	 */
	public void init(FilterConfig fConfig) throws ServletException {
		this.config = fConfig;
	}


}

StaticResponse.jav

package com.filter;


import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;


import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponseWrapper;


public class StaticResponse extends HttpServletResponseWrapper {
	private PrintWriter pw;
	
	/**
	 * String path：HTML文件路径
	 * @param response
	 * @param path
	 * @throws FileNotFoundException
	 * @throws UnsupportedEncodingException
	 */
	public StaticResponse(HttpServletResponse response,String path) throws FileNotFoundException, UnsupportedEncodingException {
		super(response);
		//创建一个与HTML文件路径绑定在一起的流对象
		pw = new PrintWriter(path,"UTF-8");
	}
	
	public PrintWriter getWriter(){
		//返回一个与HTML绑定在一起的PrintWriter对象
		 return pw;
	}


}

link.jsp页面：

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>超链接页面</title>
</head>
<body>
     <h1>超链接页面</h1>
     <a href="BookServlet?method=findAll" >查看所有</a><br/>
     <a href="BookServlet?method=findByCategory&category=1" >查看JavaSE</a><br/>
     <a href="BookServlet?method=findByCategory&category=2" >查看JavaEE</a><br/>
     <a href="BookServlet?method=findByCategory&category=3" >查看Java_framework</a><br/>
</body>
</html>

show.jsp页面：

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!-- 导入JSTL标签库 -->
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>显示页面</title>
</head>
<body>
     <h1 align="center">图书列表</h1>
     <table border="1" align="center" width="50%">
          <tr>
              <th>图书名称</th>
              <th>图书单价</th>
              <th>图书分类</th>
          </tr>
          <c:forEach items="${bookList}" var="book">
          <tr>
              <td>${book.bname}</td>
              <td>${book.price}</td>
              <c:choose>
                   <c:when test="${book.category eq 1 }">
                         <td style="color:red">JavaSE</td>
                   </c:when>
                   <c:when test="${book.category eq 2 }">
                         <td style="color:blue">JavaEE</td>
                   </c:when>
                   <c:when test="${book.category eq 3 }">
                         <td style="color:green">JavaFramework</td>
                   </c:when>
              </c:choose>
          </tr>
          </c:forEach>
     </table>
</body>
</html>

运行结果：

链接页面：

查看所有：

查看JavaSE分类：

查看JavaEE分类：

查看JavaFramework分类：

那么在Tomcat服务器下的webapps中的Book项目中会有静态页面生成：

life is wonderful

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Java Web学习(36)：Filter学习(三)

解决项目字符乱码乱码问题说明：基本上在每个Servlet中都要处理乱码问题，所以应该把这个工作放到过滤器中来完成。获取请求参数中的乱码问题： POST请求：request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); GET请求：new String(request.getParamter("xxx").get
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