make 变量 赋值 区别

Ask:

What is the difference between :

 VARIABLE = value
 VARIABLE ?= value
 VARIABLE := value
 VARIABLE += value

I have read the section in GNU Make's manual, but it still doesn't make sense to me.

 

Explanation:

 

VARIABLE = value

Normal setting of a variable - values within it are recursively expanded when the variable is used, not when it's declared

VARIABLE := value

Setting of a variable with simple expansion of the values inside - values within it are expanded at declaration time.

VARIABLE ?= value

Setting of a variable only if it doesn't have a value

VARIABLE += value

Appending the supplied value to the existing value

======================================================================

##########################makefile###################
a = orginal_value
b = $(a) 
a = later_value 
all:
    @echo $(b)

##################################################
#make
later_value

##########################makefile###################
a = orginal_value
b := $(a) 
a = later_value 
all:
    @echo$(b)

###################################################
#make
original_value

###################################################
区别显而易见， := 定义的变量如果值内容本身就是变量，他不会延伸。如果是=，会延伸。所以在使用时，不需要延伸的时候一定要加上： ，防止不可控的情况。