Java源码阅读之ThreadPoolExecutor

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-03 17:39:16 发布

evan_man

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-03 17:39:16 发布

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分类专栏： Java源码文章标签： ThreadPoolExecutor java线程池源码分析线程池配置优化

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/evan_man/article/details/50894216

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文中出现的代码大多来自于openjdk-8，其下载地址为：http://download.java.net/openjdk/jdk8；已将部分关键代码上传至https://github.com/evanman/Java-Source.git中，有兴趣可以fork.

Summary：

public class ThreadPoolExecutor extends AbstractExecutorService
execute方法：
- 实现了execute方法，正常情况会将该任务加入到HashSet<Worker>中，最后执行对应的run方法
- 该方法在Executor中被声明
- 当调用submit的时候会间接调用该方法；
shutdown方法：
- 给正在阻塞的线程一个触发，促使其快速结束，并不强制结束
使用了AtomicInteger类，该类提供原子操作，存储当前线程的执行状态和线程数；前3位状态，后29位线程编号
使用了CAS操作，一种不加锁的同步解决方法，要求比较并交换动作具有原子性；compare-and-set
功能介绍；
- 关键的三个值：corePoolSize、maximumPoolSize、BlockingQueue<Runnable>
- 如果运行的线程少于 corePoolSize，则 Executor 始终首选添加新的线程，而不进行排队
  - 即如果当前运行的线程小于corePoolSize，则任务根本不会存放，添加到queue中，而是直接创建一个线程开始工作
- 如果运行的线程等于或多于 corePoolSize，则 Executor 始终首选将请求加入队列，而不添加新的线程。
- 如果无法将请求加入队列，则创建新的线程，除非创建此线程超出 maximumPoolSize，在这种情况下，任务将被拒绝。
- reference：http://blog.csdn.net/menxu_work/article/details/9358795
存在的问题：待优化
- keepAliveTime和maximumPoolSize及BlockingQueue的类型均有关系。
- 如果BlockingQueue是无界的，那么永远不会触发maximumPoolSize，自然keepAliveTime也就没有了意义。但是可能耗尽系统资源
- 如果有界BlockingQueue数值又较小，核心数较小，同时keepAliveTime又设的很小，如果任务频繁，那么系统就会频繁的申请回收线程。导致效率低下；
- reference：http://blog.csdn.net/menxu_work/article/details/9358795

Fields：

private volatile int corePoolSize;
private volatile int maximumPoolSize;
private final BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue; //当前等待被线程执行的请求
private volatile long keepAliveTime;
private volatile ThreadFactory threadFactory;
private volatile RejectedExecutionHandler handler;
private final ReentrantLock mainLock = new ReentrantLock();
private final HashSet<Worker> workers = new HashSet<Worker>(); //当前正在被线程执行的请求，或者说正在工作的线程

//AtomicInteger，一个提供原子操作的Integer的类,初始值为111000...000即编号0，运行状态run
private final AtomicInteger ctl = new AtomicInteger(ctlOf(RUNNING, 0));
private static final int COUNT_BITS = Integer.SIZE - 3; //32-3=29
private static final int CAPACITY   = (1 << COUNT_BITS) - 1;
 // runState is stored in the high-order bits
private static final int RUNNING    = -1 << COUNT_BITS; //111000..000
private static final int SHUTDOWN   =  0 << COUNT_BITS; //000000...000
private static final int STOP       =  1 << COUNT_BITS;//001000...000
private static final int TIDYING    =  2 << COUNT_BITS;//010000...000
private static final int TERMINATED =  3 << COUNT_BITS;//011000...000
//线程运行状态位于32位的高三位，低29位存储每条线程的编号

// Packing and unpacking ctl
private static int runStateOf(int c)     { return c & ~CAPACITY; }//取出标志位
private static int workerCountOf(int c)  { return c & CAPACITY; }//取出线程编号
private static int ctlOf(int rs, int wc) { return rs | wc; }//两个数据取或

Constructor：

//threadFactory：默认是Executors.defaultThreadFactory()；
        //上面方法里面有个方法用于创建Thread对象，调用newThread(..)构造器，优先级为normal
//handler：默认是new AbortPolicy(); 是本类中的内部类，定义了出现异常如何处理
//keepAliveTime：多余的空闲线程等待新任务的最长时间（第corePoolSize个之后创建的线程一旦停止工作则成为空闲线程）

public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
                              int maximumPoolSize,
                              long keepAliveTime,
                              TimeUnit unit,
                              BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue,
                              ThreadFactory threadFactory,
                              RejectedExecutionHandler handler) {
        if (corePoolSize < 0 ||maximumPoolSize <= 0 ||maximumPoolSize < corePoolSize ||keepAliveTime < 0)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
        if (workQueue == null || threadFactory == null || handler == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        this.corePoolSize = corePoolSize;
        this.maximumPoolSize = maximumPoolSize;
        this.workQueue = workQueue;
        this.keepAliveTime = unit.toNanos(keepAliveTime);
        this.threadFactory = threadFactory;
        this.handler = handler;
}

submit：

//该方法在Executor接口中被声明；在这里被第一次实现；
//调用submit的时候，方法实现在AbstractExecutorService中，会调用该方法
public void execute(Runnable command) {
        if (command == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        int c = ctl.get();//获取AtomicInteger当前值
        if (workerCountOf(c) < corePoolSize) {
            //当前线程数小于核心线程池数量，则尝试创建一个新线程
            if (addWorker(command, true))//创建新线程，加入到了works的hashset中，并启动成功
                return;//正常情况就返回了
            c = ctl.get();
        }
        if (isRunning(c) && workQueue.offer(command)) {//offer尝试把command添加进队列中成功则true
            int recheck = ctl.get();
            if (! isRunning(recheck) && remove(command)) //进行再次检查，如果线程池关闭，则回滚任务抛出异常
                reject(command);
            else if (workerCountOf(recheck) == 0) //如果线程池工作，但是工作线程数为0，则开启一个线程，false表示创建的为非核心线程
                addWorker(null, false);
        }
        else if (!addWorker(command, false)) //false表示创建的为非核心线程
            reject(command);//输出错误
}

private static boolean isRunning(int c) {
        return c < SHUTDOWN;
}

private boolean addWorker(Runnable firstTask, boolean core) {
        //这里的retry是标识符
        retry:
        for (;;) {
            int c = ctl.get();
            int rs = runStateOf(c);
            // 当前线程状态是非运行&&（线程池非停止 || 任务不为空 ||工作队列为空）
            if (rs >= SHUTDOWN &&
                ! (rs == SHUTDOWN && firstTask == null && ! workQueue.isEmpty()))
                return false;
            for (;;) {
                int wc = workerCountOf(c);//线程编号
                if (wc >= CAPACITY ||
                    wc >= (core ? corePoolSize : maximumPoolSize))
                    return false;
                if (compareAndIncrementWorkerCount(c))//让ctl加1，加成功则返回true
                    break retry; //跳到retry处，不再进入for循环
                c = ctl.get();  // Re-read ctl
                if (runStateOf(c) != rs)
                    continue retry;//调到retry处，从头进入一次for循环
                //else CAS failed due to workerCount change; retry inner loop
            }
        }
        boolean workerStarted = false;
        boolean workerAdded = false;
        Worker w = null;
        try {
            w = new Worker(firstTask);
            final Thread t = w.thread;
            if (t != null) {
                final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
                mainLock.lock();//将worker加入到workers中的过程是加锁的
                try {
                    int rs = runStateOf(ctl.get());
                    if (rs < SHUTDOWN ||(rs == SHUTDOWN && firstTask == null)) {
                        if (t.isAlive()) // precheck that t is startable
                            throw new IllegalThreadStateException();
                        workers.add(w); //work添加进workers中
                        int s = workers.size();
                        if (s > largestPoolSize) //当前运行的线程池
                            largestPoolSize = s;
                        workerAdded = true;
                    }
                } finally {
                    mainLock.unlock();
                }
                if (workerAdded) {
                    t.start(); //成功启动线程
                    workerStarted = true;
                }
            }
        } finally {
            if (! workerStarted)
                addWorkerFailed(w);
        }
        return workerStarted;
}
private boolean compareAndIncrementWorkerCount(int expect) {
        return ctl.compareAndSet(expect, expect + 1);
}

shutdown：

public void shutdown() {
        final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
        mainLock.lock();
        try {
            checkShutdownAccess();    //检验权限
            advanceRunState(SHUTDOWN);  //状态转换为shutdown
            interruptIdleWorkers(); //对workers中每个work的thread域调用interrupt()方法
            //Thread.interrupt()方法不会中断一个正在运行的线程,只是让工作的线程停止阻塞，到工作结束；
            onShutdown(); //还没定义什么内容
        } finally {
            mainLock.unlock();
        }
        tryTerminate();
}

内部类

AbortPolicy

public static class AbortPolicy implements RejectedExecutionHandler {
        public AbortPolicy() { }
        public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
            throw new RejectedExecutionException("Task " + 
                    r.toString() +" rejected from " + e.toString());
        }
}

Worker

private final class Worker extends AbstractQueuedSynchronizer implements Runnable
{
        private static final long serialVersionUID = 6138294804551838833L;
        final Thread thread;
        Runnable firstTask;
        volatile long completedTasks;
        Worker(Runnable firstTask) {
            setState(-1); // inhibit interrupts until runWorker 方法定义在AbstractQueuedSynchronizer中
            this.firstTask = firstTask;
            this.thread = getThreadFactory().newThread(this);
        }
        public void run() {
            runWorker(this);
        }
        protected boolean isHeldExclusively() {
            return getState() != 0;
        }
        protected boolean tryAcquire(int unused) {
            if (compareAndSetState(0, 1)) {
                setExclusiveOwnerThread(Thread.currentThread());
                return true;
            }
            return false;
        }
        protected boolean tryRelease(int unused) {
            setExclusiveOwnerThread(null);
            setState(0);
            return true;
        }
        public void lock()        { acquire(1); }
        public boolean tryLock()  { return tryAcquire(1); }
        public void unlock()      { release(1); }
        public boolean isLocked() { return isHeldExclusively(); }

        void interruptIfStarted() {
            Thread t;
            if (getState() >= 0 && (t = thread) != null && !t.isInterrupted()) {
                try { t.interrupt(); } 
                catch (SecurityException ignore) { }
            }
        }
}

附录

//这是外部类方法，只是被上面的run方法调用了；
final void runWorker(Worker w) {
        Thread wt = Thread.currentThread();
        Runnable task = w.firstTask;
        w.firstTask = null;
        w.unlock(); // allow interrupts
        boolean completedAbruptly = true;
        try {
            while (task != null || (task = getTask()) != null) {
                w.lock();
                if ((runStateAtLeast(ctl.get(), STOP) ||
                     (Thread.interrupted() &&
                      runStateAtLeast(ctl.get(), STOP))) &&
                    !wt.isInterrupted())
                    wt.interrupt();
                try {
                    beforeExecute(wt, task);
                    Throwable thrown = null;
                    try {
                        task.run();
                    } catch (RuntimeException x) {
                        thrown = x; throw x;
                    } catch (Error x) {
                        thrown = x; throw x;
                    } catch (Throwable x) {
                        thrown = x; throw new Error(x);
                    } finally {
                        afterExecute(task, thrown);
                    }
                } finally {
                    task = null;
                    w.completedTasks++;
                    w.unlock();
                }
            }
            completedAbruptly = false;
        } finally {
            processWorkerExit(w, completedAbruptly);
        }
}
//被上面方法调用用于从请求队列中取出一个请求，请求是阻塞的
//到这里请求任务的线程，肯定是已经完成了自己的第一个任务！才到请求队列里看看的；
//如果该线程为非核心线程&&等待预定好的时间内没有得到任务，则返回null；随后该线程自动终结；
private Runnable getTask() {
        boolean timedOut = false; // Did the last poll() time out?
        for (;;) {
            int c = ctl.get();
            int rs = runStateOf(c);
            // Check if queue empty only if necessary.
            if (rs >= SHUTDOWN && (rs >= STOP || workQueue.isEmpty())) {
                decrementWorkerCount();
                return null;
            }
            int wc = workerCountOf(c);
            // Are workers subject to culling?
            boolean timed = allowCoreThreadTimeOut || wc > corePoolSize;
            if ((wc > maximumPoolSize || (timed && timedOut))
                && (wc > 1 || workQueue.isEmpty())) {
                if (compareAndDecrementWorkerCount(c))
                    return null;
                continue;
            }
            try {
                Runnable r = timed ?
                    workQueue.poll(keepAliveTime, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS) :
                    workQueue.take();  //从请求队列中取出一个请求
                if (r != null)
                    return r;
                timedOut = true; 
            } catch (InterruptedException retry) {
                timedOut = false;
            }
        }
}