基于备份复制方式创建DataGuard

官方文档

https://docs.oracle.com/database/121/SBYDB/rcmbackp.htm#SBYDB4989

E.3.2 Creating a Standby Database with Backup-Based Duplication

主备库环境规划

	主库	备库	备注
数据库版本	12.1.0.2.0	12.1.0.2.0	数据库版本必须一致
IP	192.0.2.101	192.0.2.102
主机名	host01.example.com	host02.example.com
DB_UNIQUE_NAME	PROD5	SBDB5	必须不一致
DB_NAME	PROD5	PROD5	数据库名必须一致
INSTANCE_NAME	PROD5	SBDB5	实例名不要求一致
SERVICE_NAME	PROD5.example.com	SBDB5.example.com	必须不一致
TNSNAMES	primary	standby	必须不一致
OS	OEL6.5	OEL6.5

主库服务器

1、配置/etc/hosts
[oracle@host01 ~]$ cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6


192.0.2.101    host01.example.com    host01
192.0.2.102    host02.example.com    host02

2、主库测试网络
[oracle@host01 ~]$ ping host02 -c 2
PING host02.example.com (192.0.2.102) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from host02.example.com (192.0.2.102): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.53 ms
64 bytes from host02.example.com (192.0.2.102): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.587 ms

--- host02.example.com ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1001ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.587/1.060/1.533/0.473 ms

3、主库开库
[oracle@host01 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.2.0 Production on Thu Oct 20 16:33:48 2022

Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SYS@PROD5> startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1224736768 bytes
Fixed Size            2923824 bytes
Variable Size          838861520 bytes
Database Buffers      369098752 bytes
Redo Buffers           13852672 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SYS@PROD5> show parameter name

NAME                     TYPE     VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
cell_offloadgroup_name             string
db_file_name_convert             string
db_name                  string     PROD5
db_unique_name                 string     PROD5
global_names                 boolean     FALSE
instance_name                 string     PROD5
lock_name_space              string
log_file_name_convert             string
pdb_file_name_convert             string
processor_group_name             string
service_names                 string     PROD5.example.com
SYS@PROD5> show parameter db_domain

NAME                     TYPE     VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_domain                 string     example.com

备库服务器

1、配置/etc/hosts
[oracle@host02 ~]$ cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6


192.0.2.101    host01.example.com    host01
192.0.2.102    host02.example.com    host02

2、备库测试网络
[oracle@host02 ~]$ ping host01 -c 2
PING host01.example.com (192.0.2.101) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from host01.example.com (192.0.2.101): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.232 ms
64 bytes from host01.example.com (192.0.2.101): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.193 ms

--- host01.example.com ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1001ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.193/0.212/0.232/0.024 ms

3、配置环境变量
[oracle@host02 ~]$ vim .bash_profile

ORACLE_SID=SBDB5
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
[oracle@host02 ~]$ source .bash_profile

[oracle@host02 ~]$ env | grep ORA
ORACLE_SID=SBDB5
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1

4、备库连接空闲实例
[oracle@host02 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.2.0 Production on Thu Oct 20 16:57:06 2022

Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SYS@SBDB5> 

相关参数

1、官方文档
https://docs.oracle.com/database/121/SBYDB/init_params.htm#SBYDB4901
https://docs.oracle.com/database/121/SBYDB/create_ps.htm#SBYDB4720

2、DB_NAME
数据库名，主备库必须相同

3、DB_UQIQUE_NAME
数据库唯一名字，主备库不能相同，DG使用该名称来识别主备库

4、LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG
LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(PROD5,SBDB5)'
定义DG中所有有效的DB_UNIQUE_NMAE

5、FAL_SERVER和FAL_CLIENT值均为tnsname，主要解决日志GAP
FAL_SERVER表示对方的tns，FAL_CLIENT表示自己的tns

6、DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT
DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT=备库数据库数据文件目录，主库数据库数据文件目录，可以使用db_unique_name替换

7、LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT
LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT=备库数据库日志文件目录，主库数据库日志文件目录，可以使用db_unique_name替换

8、LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1

以下是日志文件的合法值
ONLINE_LOGFILES仅在归档ORL（online redo log file）文件时有效
STANDBY_LOGFILES仅在归档SRL（Standby Redo log）文件时有效
ALL_LOGFILES上上面两个类型都有效

以下是角色的合法值
PRIMARY_ROLE仅在主库中有效
STANDBY_ROLE仅在备库中有效
ALL_ROLES主备都有效


主库日志传输

LOCATION表示主库本地归档日志目录
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=PROD5';

9、LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2

备库日志接收

SERVICE表示远程归档日志目录
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=standby LGWR ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFIL