本文探讨如何使用扩展方法封装 if/else、swith/case及while,通过使用这些扩展,写出的代码将使用很少的大括号{ }。扩展的效果如何,还请大家来评判!
声明:本文属于(改)变(形)态篇,只是提出一种想法,所提供的代码也只是示例,可以测试通过,但不完善。
首先我们来对看if/else和swith/case,两者在代码中都用来表达分支结构。这里我们统一封装成一个If扩展:
public
static
T If
<
T
>
(
this
T t, Predicate
<
T
>
predicate, Action
<
T
>
action)
where
T:
class
{
if (t == null ) throw new ArgumentNullException();
if (predicate(t)) action(t);
return t;
}
{
if (t == null ) throw new ArgumentNullException();
if (predicate(t)) action(t);
return t;
}
看下面的调用代码,生成一个People的实例,让他吃饱喝足休息好再工作:
public
static
void
Test1()
{
// 常规代码
People people1 = new People { Name = " ldp615 " , IsHungry = true , IsThirsty = true , IsTired = true };
if (people1.IsHungry) people1.Eat();
if (people1.IsThirsty) people1.Drink();
if (people1.IsTired) people1.Rest();
people1.Work();
// 使用扩展方法
People people2 = new People { Name = " ldp615 " , IsHungry = true , IsThirsty = true , IsTired = true }
.If(p => p.IsHungry, p => p.Eat())
.If(p => p.IsThirsty, p => p.Drink())
.If(p => p.IsTired, p => p.Rest());
people2.Work();
}
{
// 常规代码
People people1 = new People { Name = " ldp615 " , IsHungry = true , IsThirsty = true , IsTired = true };
if (people1.IsHungry) people1.Eat();
if (people1.IsThirsty) people1.Drink();
if (people1.IsTired) people1.Rest();
people1.Work();
// 使用扩展方法
People people2 = new People { Name = " ldp615 " , IsHungry = true , IsThirsty = true , IsTired = true }
.If(p => p.IsHungry, p => p.Eat())
.If(p => p.IsThirsty, p => p.Drink())
.If(p => p.IsTired, p => p.Rest());
people2.Work();
}
扩展方法中的If可以使用点“.”链起来,称之“链式编程”,请参见我我随笔《c#链式编程》。
常规代码和使用扩展方法写的代码都在上面,大家比较一下吧。
使用If扩展的代码中用了lambda表达式,如果前面的“p=>p.”能去掉的话,看起来就比较舒服了!编译器通过类型及上下文推演,应该可以做得到吧!
给出People类如下:
People类
对引用类型我们可以使用Action<T>,也以使用链式编程的方式将多个If串起来。
但对值类型来说,就要用Func<T, T>了,每次返回一个新的值 :
public
static
T If
<
T
>
(
this
T t, Predicate
<
T
>
predicate, Func
<
T, T
>
func)
where
T :
struct
{
return predicate(t) ? func(t) : t;
}
调用代码也要修改:
{
return predicate(t) ? func(t) : t;
}
public
static
void
Test2()
{
// 扩展方式
int int0 = - 121 ;
int int1 = int0.If(i => i < 0 , i => - i)
.If(i => i > 100 , i => i - 100 )
.If(i => i % 2 == 1 , i => i - 1 );
// 常规方式
int int3 = - 121 ;
if (int3 < 0 ) int3 = - int3;
if (int3 > 100 ) int3 -= 100 ;
if (int3 % 2 == 1 ) int3 -- ;
}
{
// 扩展方式
int int0 = - 121 ;
int int1 = int0.If(i => i < 0 , i => - i)
.If(i => i > 100 , i => i - 100 )
.If(i => i % 2 == 1 , i => i - 1 );
// 常规方式
int int3 = - 121 ;
if (int3 < 0 ) int3 = - int3;
if (int3 > 100 ) int3 -= 100 ;
if (int3 % 2 == 1 ) int3 -- ;
}
引用类型及值类型的扩展我们已经完成,用string来测试一下吧,如下:
public
static
void
Test3()
{
// 从邮箱变换成主页
string email = " ldp615@163.com " ;
string page = email.If(s => s.Contains( " @ " ), s => s.Substring( 0 , s.IndexOf( " @ " )))
.If(s =>! s.StartsWith( " www. " ), s => s = " www. " + s)
.If(s =>! s.EndsWith( " .com " ), s => s += " .com " );
}
但编译不通过,会提示错误:
{
// 从邮箱变换成主页
string email = " ldp615@163.com " ;
string page = email.If(s => s.Contains( " @ " ), s => s.Substring( 0 , s.IndexOf( " @ " )))
.If(s =>! s.StartsWith( " www. " ), s => s = " www. " + s)
.If(s =>! s.EndsWith( " .com " ), s => s += " .com " );
}
这个错误比较怪,我们写了两个扩展,一个是给值类型的,一个给引用类型,可string类型在这里都不行。这个原因我说不清楚了,还留给园子里高手们吧。
不过专门为string写个扩展,这个问题可以化解,如下:
public
static
string
If(
this
string
s, Predicate
<
string
>
predicate, Func
<
string
,
string
>
func)
{
return predicate(s) ? func(s) : s;
}
看来扩展方法也是有优先级的:对同一个类进行多次扩展,扩展方法相名,参数也等效(数量、顺序相同),非泛版扩展要比泛型版扩展优先级高。
{
return predicate(s) ? func(s) : s;
}
下面再来看一段swith代码,很啰嗦的!这里是为了引出扩展硬写出来的:
public
static
void
Test4()
{
string englishName = " apple " ;
string chineseName = string .Empty;
switch (englishName)
{
case " apple " :
chineseName = " 苹果 " ;
return ;
case " orange " :
chineseName = " 桔子 " ;
return ;
case " banana " :
chineseName = " 香蕉 " ;
return ;
case " pear " :
chineseName = " 梨 " ;
break ;
default :
chineseName = " 未知 " ;
break ;
}
Console.WriteLine(chineseName);
}
我们把这种方式用扩展方法来完成:
{
string englishName = " apple " ;
string chineseName = string .Empty;
switch (englishName)
{
case " apple " :
chineseName = " 苹果 " ;
return ;
case " orange " :
chineseName = " 桔子 " ;
return ;
case " banana " :
chineseName = " 香蕉 " ;
return ;
case " pear " :
chineseName = " 梨 " ;
break ;
default :
chineseName = " 未知 " ;
break ;
}
Console.WriteLine(chineseName);
}
public
static
TOutput Switch
<
TOutput, TInput
>
(
this
TInput input, IEnumerable
<
TInput
>
inputSource, IEnumerable
<
TOutput
>
outputSource, TOutput defaultOutput)
{
IEnumerator < TInput > inputIterator = inputSource.GetEnumerator();
IEnumerator < TOutput > outputIterator = outputSource.GetEnumerator();
TOutput result = defaultOutput;
while (inputIterator.MoveNext())
{
if (outputIterator.MoveNext())
{
if (input.Equals(inputIterator.Current))
{
result = outputIterator.Current;
break ;
}
}
else break ;
}
return result;
}
下面的Test5是调用:
{
IEnumerator < TInput > inputIterator = inputSource.GetEnumerator();
IEnumerator < TOutput > outputIterator = outputSource.GetEnumerator();
TOutput result = defaultOutput;
while (inputIterator.MoveNext())
{
if (outputIterator.MoveNext())
{
if (input.Equals(inputIterator.Current))
{
result = outputIterator.Current;
break ;
}
}
else break ;
}
return result;
}
public
static
void
Test5()
{
string englishName = " apple " ;
string chineseName = englishName.Switch(
new string [] { " apple " , " orange " , " banana " , " pear " },
new string [] { " 苹果 " , " 桔子 " , " 香蕉 " , " 梨 " },
" 未知 "
);
Console.WriteLine(chineseName);
}
简单清晰明了!
{
string englishName = " apple " ;
string chineseName = englishName.Switch(
new string [] { " apple " , " orange " , " banana " , " pear " },
new string [] { " 苹果 " , " 桔子 " , " 香蕉 " , " 梨 " },
" 未知 "
);
Console.WriteLine(chineseName);
}
最后是一个对while的扩展封装:
public
static
void
While
<
T
>
(
this
T t, Predicate
<
T
>
predicate, Action
<
T
>
action)
where
T:
class
{
while (predicate(t)) action(t);
}
调用代码:
{
while (predicate(t)) action(t);
}
public
static
void
Test6()
{
People people = new People { Name = " Wretch " };
people.While(
p => p.WorkCount < 7 ,
p => p.Work()
);
people.Rest();
}
这里又“召唤”了一个人,不让吃喝不让休息,连续工作7次...
{
People people = new People { Name = " Wretch " };
people.While(
p => p.WorkCount < 7 ,
p => p.Work()
);
people.Rest();
}
这while扩展中只能执行一个Action<T>,不太好,我们用params改进一下:
public
static
void
While
<
T
>
(
this
T t, Predicate
<
T
>
predicate,
params
Action
<
T
>
[] actions)
where
T :
class
{
while (predicate(t))
{
foreach (var action in actions)
action(t);
}
}
再来调用,可以在循环中执行多个操作了,这次舒服工作完吃饭喝水休息,再来工作...
{
while (predicate(t))
{
foreach (var action in actions)
action(t);
}
}
public
static
void
Test7()
{
People people = new People { Name = " Wretch " };
people.While(
p => p.WorkCount < 7 ,
p => p.Work(),
p => p.Eat(),
p => p.Drink(),
p => p.Rest()
);
people.Rest();
}
当然前面的If也可以这样的,这里只写出一个:
{
People people = new People { Name = " Wretch " };
people.While(
p => p.WorkCount < 7 ,
p => p.Work(),
p => p.Eat(),
p => p.Drink(),
p => p.Rest()
);
people.Rest();
}
If改进
不使用 params,你就要显示声明一个Action<T>的集合了!关于params, 在我的随笔《
改进 Scottgu 的 "In" 扩展 》有说明。
本人系列文章《
c#扩展方法奇思妙用》,敬请关注!
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