Elastic Search Search in Deepth

Find Exact Values

term用于查询指定字段是否完全匹配给定的值，可以使用constant_score执行non-scoring mode

GET /my_store/products/_search
{
    "query" : {
        "constant_score" : { 
            "filter" : {
                "term" : { 
                    "price" : 20
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

使用term查询text时会遇到的问题

GET /my_store/products/_search
{
    "query" : {
        "constant_score" : {
            "filter" : {
                "term" : {
                    "productID" : "XHDK-A-1293-#fJ3"
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

不会得到任何返回是因为，text会被分析器分割成小的token

GET /my_store/_analyze?field=productID&text=XHDK-A-1293-%23fJ3

{
  "tokens" : [ {
    "token" :        "xhdk",
    "start_offset" : 0,
    "end_offset" :   4,
    "type" :         "<ALPHANUM>",
    "position" :     1
  }, {
    "token" :        "a",
    "start_offset" : 5,
    "end_offset" :   6,
    "type" :         "<ALPHANUM>",
    "position" :     2
  }, {
    "token" :        "1293",
    "start_offset" : 7,
    "end_offset" :   11,
    "type" :         "<NUM>",
    "position" :     3
  }, {
    "token" :        "fj3",
    "start_offset" : 13,
    "end_offset" :   16,
    "type" :         "<ALPHANUM>",
    "position" :     4
  } ]
}

所以使用XHDK-A-1293-#fJ3查不到任何结果是因为它并不存在于倒排索引中。

可以通过把字段设置为not_analyzed来防止分词

DELETE /my_store 

PUT /my_store 
{
    "mappings" : {
        "products" : {
            "properties" : {
                "productID" : {
                    "type" : "string",
                    "index" : "not_analyzed" 
                }
            }
        }
    }

}

Combining Filters

Bool Filter

可以使用bool query做如下的查询

SELECT product
FROM   products
WHERE  (price = 20 OR productID = "XHDK-A-1293-#fJ3")
  AND  (price != 30)

bool query由以下四个部分组成

{
   "bool" : {
      "must" :     [], // MUST MATCH 等同于 AND
      "should" :   [], // 等同于 OR
      "must_not" : [], // 等同于 NOT
      "filter":    [] // MUST MATCH，但是不打分
   }
}

上面的SQL查询可以表示为,注意两个term queries只是被分别放在了should和must_not中而并没有放在must中是因为所有的查询都被包裹在constant_sorce中，所有其余的查询都使用filter模式

GET /my_store/products/_search
{
   "query" : {
      "constant_score" : { 
         "filter" : {
            "bool" : {
              "should" : [
                 { "term" : {"price" : 20}}, 
                 { "term" : {"productID" : "XHDK-A-1293-#fJ3"}} 
              ],
              "must_not" : {
                 "term" : {"price" : 30} 
              }
           }
         }
      }
   }
}

Nesting boolean queries

SELECT document
FROM   products
WHERE  productID      = "KDKE-B-9947-#kL5"
  OR (     productID = "JODL-X-1937-#pV7"
       AND price     = 30 )

可以转换成

GET /my_store/products/_search
{
   "query" : {
      "constant_score" : {
         "filter" : {
            "bool" : {
              "should" : [
                { "term" : {"productID" : "KDKE-B-9947-#kL5"}}, 
                { "bool" : { 
                  "must" : [
                    { "term" : {"productID" : "JODL-X-1937-#pV7"}}, 
                    { "term" : {"price" : 30}} 
                  ]
                }}
              ]
           }
         }
      }
   }
}