简单工厂模式有如下问题:
(1)工厂类职责不单一。比如设备类工厂,工厂一并生产USB,并口,串口,等等之类的设备,职责不单一,而且switch--case分支有可能比较多。
(2)违背开闭原则。比如设备类工厂,增加一个WIFI设备,则需要修改到工厂类的创建接口,可能会影响原有代码。
解决这2个问题,我们需要对工厂类进行抽象,抽象出创建的接口,通过多态的方法把创建延迟到子类实现,也就是工厂方法模式。
如下是类图对比(左边是简单工厂,右边是工厂方法)如下:
测试的代码和简单工厂方法类似:
class Device
{
public:
virtual void Write() = 0;
};
class USB : public Device
{
public:
void Write()
{
printf("USB::write...\r\n");
}
};
class COM : public Device
{
public:
void Write()
{
printf("COM::write...\r\n");
}
};
class LPT : public Device
{
public:
void Write()
{
printf("LPT::write...\r\n");
}
};
class DeviceFactory
{
public:
virtual Device *Create() = 0;
virtual void Destory(Device* dev)
{
if(dev)
{
delete dev;
dev = NULL;
}
}
};
class USBFactory : public DeviceFactory
{
public:
Device *Create()
{
return new USB;
}
};
class COMFactory : public DeviceFactory
{
public:
Device *Create()
{
return new COM;
}
};
class LPTFactory : public DeviceFactory
{
public:
Device *Create()
{
return new LPT;
}
};
void TestFactoryMethod()
{
DeviceFactory* usbF = new USBFactory;
Device* usb = usbF->Create();
usb->Write();
usbF->Destory(usb);
delete usbF;
usbF = NULL;
}