SpringBoot数据访问

一、JDBC

1、使用默认数据源类型

①在使用IDEA创建web项目时，选中Jdbc和MySQL的启动器

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>mysql</groupId>
			<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
			<scope>runtime</scope>
		</dependency>

② 在全局配置文件（application.properties）中配置数据源相关信息

数据源相关的配置都在DataSourceProperties里面

spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jdbc
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=root

③测试（springboot已经自动配置了JdbcTemplat）：

@Controller
public class HelloController {

    @Autowired
    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;

    @ResponseBody
    @GetMapping("/query")
    public Map<String, Object> map(){
        List<Map<String, Object>> list = jdbcTemplate.queryForList("select *  from department");
        return  list.get(0);
    }
}

2、自定义数据源类型

①引入自定义数据源依赖（关于数据源依赖可以查看博客：https://blog.csdn.net/fancheng614/article/details/85543816）

		<dependency>
			<groupId>c3p0</groupId>
			<artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
			<version>0.9.1.2</version>
		</dependency>

②自定义数据源

@Configuration
public class MyDataSource {

    @Value("${spring.datasource.url}")
    String url;

    @Value("${spring.datasource.username}")
    String username;

    @Value("${spring.datasource.password}")
    String password;

    @Value("${spring.datasource.driver-class-name}")
    String driverClassName;

    @Bean("dataSource")
    public DataSource druidDataSource(StandardEnvironment env) throws Exception {
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        ComboPooledDataSource dataSource = new ComboPooledDataSource();
        dataSource.setDriverClass(driverClassName);
        dataSource.setJdbcUrl(url);
        dataSource.setUser(username);
        dataSource.setPassword(password);
        return dataSource;
    }
}

③ 在全局配置文件（application.properties）中配置数据源相关信息

spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jdbc
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=root
spring.datasource.type=com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource

3、自动执行建表语句和插入数据语句

默认只需要将文件命名为：

schema‐*.sql、data‐*.sql
    默认规则：schema.sql，schema‐all.sql；
    可以使用
    schema:
        ‐ classpath:department.sql
        指定位置

sql文件放在src/main/resources目录下。

二、整合Druid数据源

使用Druid数据源可以监控数据库访问性能，Druid内置提供了一个功能强大的StatFilter插件，能够详细统计SQL的执行性能，这对于线上分析数据库访问性能有帮助。（更多Druid特性自行百度）

1、导入Druid数据源依赖

		<!--引入druid数据源-->
		<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.alibaba/druid -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
			<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
			<version>1.1.8</version>
		</dependency>

2、自定义数据源

@Configuration
public class MyDataSource {

    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource")
    @Bean
    public DataSource druid(){
        return new DruidDataSource();
    }

    //配置Druid的监控
    //1、配置一个管理后台的Servlet，
    //Druid后台监控平台：http://localhost:8081/druid/index.html
    @Bean
    public ServletRegistrationBean statViewServlet(){
        ServletRegistrationBean bean = new ServletRegistrationBean(new StatViewServlet(), "/druid/*");
        Map<String, String> initParams = new HashMap<>();
        initParams.put("loginUsername","admin");
        initParams.put("loginPassword","123456");
        initParams.put("allow","");//默认就是允许所有访问
        initParams.put("deny","127.0.0.1");
        bean.setInitParameters(initParams);
        return bean;
    }

    //2、配置一个web监控的filter
    @Bean
    public FilterRegistrationBean webStatFilter(){
        FilterRegistrationBean bean = new FilterRegistrationBean();
        bean.setFilter(new WebStatFilter());
        Map<String,String> initParams = new HashMap<>();
        initParams.put("exclusions","*.js,*.css,/druid/*");
        bean.setInitParameters(initParams);
        bean.setUrlPatterns(Arrays.asList("/*"));
        return bean;
    }

}

3、在全局配置文件（application.properties）中配置数据源相关信息（还可以配置更多信息）

spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jdbc
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=root
spring.datasource.type=com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource

Druid数据源监控访问：http://localhost:8081/druid/index.html

 

三、整合Mybatis

1、注解版

①使用IDEA创建Web项目时选中Mybatis、JDBC、MySQL、Web模块启动器

②创建实体类DepartmentDto.java

public class DepartmentDto {
    private Integer id;
    private String departmentName;
    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public void setDepartmentName(String departmentName) {
        this.departmentName = departmentName;
    }
    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public String getDepartmentName() {
        return departmentName;
    }
}

③使用上述的Druid数据源，配置数据源

④（可选）自定义Mybatis的配置规则；给容器中添加一个ConfigurationCustomizer

@Configuration
public class MyBatisConfig {

    @Bean
    public ConfigurationCustomizer configurationCustomizer(){
        return new ConfigurationCustomizer() {
            @Override
            public void customize(org.apache.ibatis.session.Configuration configuration) {
                configuration.setMapUnderscoreToCamelCase(true);
            }
        };
    }
}

⑤编写操作数据库的Mapper

/*
 这里可以在每一个Mapper上添加@Mapper
 或者使用MapperScan批量扫描所有的Mapper接口；
 @MapperScan(value = "com.example.springbootmybatis.mapper")@MapperScan将接口扫描装配到容器中
*/
@Mapper
public interface DepartmentMapper {

    @Select("select * from department where id=#{id}")
    public DepartmentDto getDeptById(Integer id);

    @Delete("delete from department where id=#{id}")
    public int deleteDeptById(Integer id);

    @Options(useGeneratedKeys = true,keyProperty = "id")
    @Insert("insert into department(departmentName) values(#{departmentName})")
    public int insertDept(DepartmentDto department);

    @Update("update department set departmentName=#{departmentName} where id=#{id}")
    public int updateDept(DepartmentDto department);
}

⑥编写测试Controller

@Controller
public class DepartmentController {

    @Autowired
    private DepartmentMapper departmentMapper;

    @ResponseBody
    @GetMapping("/dept/{id}")
    public DepartmentDto getDepartment(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        DepartmentDto departmentDto = departmentMapper.getDeptById(id);
        System.out.println("=========>"+departmentDto.getDepartmentName());
        return departmentDto;
    }
    @ResponseBody
    @GetMapping("/dept")
    public DepartmentDto insertDept(DepartmentDto department){
        departmentMapper.insertDept(department);
        return department;
    }
}

2、配置文件版

①使用IDEA创建Web项目时选中Mybatis、JDBC、MySQL、Web模块启动器

②创建实体类EmployeeDto.java

public class EmployeeDto {
    private Integer id;
    private String lastName;
    private Integer gender;
    private String email;
    private Integer dId;
    // set  &&  GET
}

③使用上述的Druid数据源，配置数据源

④编写操作数据库的Mapper

这里没有使用@Mapper注解，而是在SpringBootMybatisApplication.java 上面加了@MapperScan(value = "com.example.springbootmybatis.mapper")注解。

public interface EmployeeMapper {
    public EmployeeDto getEmpById(Integer id);
    public void insertEmp(EmployeeDto employee);
}

//使用MapperScan批量扫描所有的Mapper接口；
@MapperScan(value = "com.example.springbootmybatis.mapper")
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringBootMybatisApplication {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(SpringBootMybatisApplication.class, args);
	}

}

⑤在resource/mybatis/mapper文件夹下面放了一个RmployeeMapper.xml文件映射EmployeeMapper.java

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.example.springbootmybatis.mapper.EmployeeMapper">
   <!--    public Employee getEmpById(Integer id);

    public void insertEmp(Employee employee);-->
    <select id="getEmpById" resultType="com.example.springbootmybatis.entity.EmployeeDto">
        SELECT * FROM employee WHERE id=#{id}
    </select>

    <insert id="insertEmp">
        INSERT INTO employee(lastName,email,gender,d_id) VALUES (#{lastName},#{email},#{gender},#{dId})
    </insert>
</mapper>

⑥在resource/mybatis/文件夹下放了mybatis-config.xml全局配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>

    <settings>
        <setting name="mapUnderscoreToCamelCase" value="true"/>
    </settings>
</configuration>

⑦使用配置文件时注意在全局配置文件中配置上这些配置文件的路径

spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=root
spring.datasource.type=com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource

# 指定全局配置文件位置
mybatis.config-location=classpath:mybatis/mybatis-config.xml
# 指定sql映射文件位置
mybatis.mapper-locations=classpath:mybatis/mapper/*.xml

⑧测试controller

@Controller
public class DepartmentController {
    @Autowired
    private EmployeeMapper employeeMapper;

    @ResponseBody
    @GetMapping("/emp/{id}")
    public EmployeeDto getEmp(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        return employeeMapper.getEmpById(id);
    }
}

 

四、整合SpringData JPA

1、使用IDEA创建Web项目时选中JPA、JDBC、MySQL、Web模块启动器

2、使用上述的Druid数据源，配置数据源

3、创建实体类User.java

package com.example.springbootjpa.entity;

import javax.persistence.*;

@Entity
@Table(name = "tbl_user")
public class User {

    // 主键
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY) // 自增主键
    private Integer id;

    @Column(name = "last_name", length = 50)
    private String lastName;
    // /省略默认列名就是属性名
    @Column
    private String email;

    // set && get
}

4、编写一个Dao接口来操作实体类对应的数据表（Repository）

public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User, Integer> {
}

5、测试Controller

@Controller
public class UserController {

    @Autowired
    private UserRepository userRepository;

    @ResponseBody
    @GetMapping("/user/{id}")
    public User getUser(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        User user = userRepository.findOne(id);
        return user;
    }

    @GetMapping("/user")
    public User insertUser(User user){
        User save = userRepository.save(user);
        return save;
    }
}