Android 6.0 RuntimePermission

android6.0棉花糖，app将不会在安装的时候授予权限。取而代之的是，app不得不在运行时一个一个询问用户授予权限。

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android { compileSdkVersion 23 ... defaultConfig { ... targetSdkVersion 23 ... } }

如何app/build.gradle是23的话，在6.0上运行一些权限，没有做处理，会直接崩溃：

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... Caused by: java.lang.SecurityException: Permission Denial: opening provider com.android.providers.contacts.ContactsProvider2 from ProcessRecord {c3b3c66 16712:com.wuxiaolong.apksample/u0a62} (pid=16712, uid=10062) requires android.permission.READ_CONTACTS or android.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS ...

如果targetSdkVersion 22，就不会发生这样的错误，下面就来实践下这个6.0运行的权限。

效果预览

按照惯例，先上效果图:

说明：第一次请求授权，是没有“不再询问”，拒绝后，再次请求授权，就会出现“不再询问”。

实践

AndroidManifest.xml

1	<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_CONTACTS" />

代码调用

在需要使用到权限之前调用以下代码：

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private void mayRequestContacts() { if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) { switch (checkSelfPermission(Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS)) { case PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED: // 已有授权 Log.i( "wxl", "已有授权"); break; case PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED: // 没有权限：尚未请求过权限， // 或者请求授权被拒绝， // 或者曾经授权过，但被用户在设置中禁用权限 Log.i( "wxl", "没有权限：尚未请求过权限，或者请求授权被拒绝，" + "或者曾经授权过， 但被用户在设置中禁用权限"); /** * 如果用户勾上了“不再询问”，这时候就不应弹请求权限的对话框， * 可以在请求权限之前用 * shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale判断用户是否拒绝过， * 如果返回true，表示用户拒绝过。 */ Log.i( "wxl", "shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale==" + shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(READ_CONTACTS)); if (shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(READ_CONTACTS)) { Snackbar.make(mEmailView, R.string.permission_rationale, Snackbar.LENGTH_INDEFINITE) .setAction(android.R.string.ok, new View.OnClickListener() { @Override @TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.M) public void onClick(View v) { requestPermissions( new String[]{READ_CONTACTS}, REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS); } }).show(); } else { requestPermissions( new String[]{READ_CONTACTS}, REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS); } break; default: break; } } }

checkSelfPermission：检查权限
requestPermissions：请求权限
shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale：判断用户是否拒绝过

授权回调

不管是允许或拒绝，都会回调：

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@Override public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions,@NonNull int[] grantResults) { if (requestCode == REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS) { if (grantResults.length == 1 && grantResults[ 0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) { // 授权请求被通过，读取通讯录 Log.i( "wxl", "授权请求被通过，读取通讯录"); } else { Log.i( "wxl", "授权请求不被通过"); } } }

多个权限

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@TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.M) private void checkPermissions() { List<String> permissionsNeeded = new ArrayList<>(); final List<String> permissionsList = new ArrayList<>(); if (deniedPermission(permissionsList, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION)) permissionsNeeded.add( "GPS"); if (deniedPermission(permissionsList, Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS)) permissionsNeeded.add( "Read Contacts"); if (permissionsList.size() > 0) { if (permissionsNeeded.size() > 0) { // Need Rationale String message = "You need to grant access to " + permissionsNeeded.get( 0); for ( int i = 1; i < permissionsNeeded.size(); i++) message = message + ", " + permissionsNeeded.get(i); requestPermissions(permissionsList.toArray( new String[permissionsList.size()]), REQUEST_PERMISSIONS); } } } @TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.M) private boolean deniedPermission(List<String> permissionsList, String permission) { if (checkSelfPermission(permission) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED) { permissionsList.add(permission); // true，表示用户拒绝过 if (shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(permission)) { return true; } } return false; } /** * Callback received when a permissions request has been completed. */ @Override public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) { if (requestCode == REQUEST_PERMISSIONS) { Map<String, Integer> perms = new HashMap<String, Integer>(); // Initial perms.put(Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION, PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED); perms.put(Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS, PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED); // Fill with results for ( int i = 0; i < permissions.length; i++) perms.put(permissions[i], grantResults[i]); // Check for ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION if (perms.get(Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED && perms.get(Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) { // All Permissions Granted Log.i( "wxl", "授权请求被通过"); } else { // Permission Denied Log.i( "wxl", "授权请求不被通过"); } } }

权限分组

权限那么多，如果一个个判断，岂不是会疯掉，如图：

同一组的任何一个权限被授权了，其他权限也自动被授权。例如，一旦WRITE_CONTACTS被授权了，app也有READ_CONTACTS和GET_ACCOUNTS了。