1.修改程序清单10.7的rain.c程序,用指针进行计算(仍然要声明并初始化数组)。
//计算每年的总的降水量、年平均降水量、5年中每月的平均降水量
#include <stdio.h>
#define MONTHS 12
#define YEARS 5
int main(void)
{
const float rain[YEARS][MONTHS] = {
4.3,4.3,4.3,3.0,2.0,1.2,0.2,0.2,0.4,2.4,3.5,6.6,
8.5,8.2,1.2,1.6,2.4,0.0,5.2,0.9,0.3,0.9,1.4,7.3,
9.1,8.5,6.7,4.3,2.1,0.8,0.2,0.2,1.1,2.3,6.1,8.4,
7.2,9.9,8.4,3.3,1.2,0.8,0.4,0.0,0.6,1.7,4.3,6.2,
7.6,5.6,3.8,2.8,3.8,0.2,0.0,0.0,0.0,1.3,2.6,5.2 };
int years, months;
float subtot, total=0;//subtot-每年的降水总量,total-5年降水总量
printf("YEAR RAINFALL(inches)\n");
for (years = 0; years < YEARS; years++)
{
for (subtot=0,months = 0; months < MONTHS; months++)
subtot += *(*(rain + years) + months);
printf("%4d %.1f\n", 2010 + years, subtot);
total += subtot;
}
printf("The yearly average is %.1f inches.\n", total / YEARS);
printf("MONTHLY AVERAGES:\n");
printf("Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec\n");
for (months = 0; months < MONTHS; months++)
{
subtot = 0;
for (years = 0; years < YEARS; years++)
subtot += *(*(rain + years) + months);
printf("%.1f ", subtot / YEARS);
}
printf("\nDone!\n");
return 0;
}
2.编写一个程序,初始化一个double类型的数组,然后把该数组的内容拷贝至3个其他数组中(在main()中声明这4个数组)。使用带数组表示法的函数进行第1份拷贝。使用带指针表示法和指针递增的函数进行第2份拷贝。把目标数组名、源数组名和待拷贝的元素个数作为前两个函数的参数。第3个函数以目标数组名、源数组名和指向源数组最后一个元素后面的元素的指针。也就是说,给定以下声明,则函数调用如下所示:
double source[5] = {1.1, 2.2, 3.3, 4.4, 5.5};
double target1[5];
double target2[5];
double target3[5];
copy_arr(target1, source, 5);
copy_ptr(target2, source, 5);
copy_ptrs(target3, source, source + 5);
#include<stdio.h>
void copy_arr(double target[], double source[], int n);
void copy_ptr(double* pa, double* sourcce, int n);
void copy_ptrs(double* pa, double* source, double* end);
int main(void)
{
double source[5] = { 1.1, 2.2, 3.3, 4.4, 5.5 };
double target1[5];
double target2[5];
double target3[5];
copy_arr(target1, source, 5);
copy_ptr(target2, source, 5);
copy_ptrs(target3, source, source + 5);
return 0;
}
void copy_arr(double target[], double source[], int n)
{
int index = 0;
printf("the first copy of the data is:");
for (index = 0; index < n; index++)
{
target[index] = source[index];
printf("%.1f", target[index]);
}
printf("\n");
}
void copy_ptr(double* pa, double* source, int n)
{
int index;
printf("the second copy of the data is:");
for (index = 0; index < n; index++)
{
*pa = *(source + index); //pa++;
printf("%.1f", *pa);
pa++;
}
printf("\n");
}
void copy_ptrs(double* pa, double* source, double* end)
{
printf("the third copy of the data is:");
while (source < end)
{
*pa = *source;
printf("%.1f", *pa);
pa++;
source++;
}
printf("\n");
}
3.编写一个函数,返回储存在int类型数组中的最大值,并在一个简单的程序中测试该函数。
#include<stdio.h>
int arr_max(int arr[], int n);
int main(void)
{
int arr[5];
int i = 0;
int max;
printf("input five integers:");
for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{
scanf("%d", &arr[i]);
}
max = arr_max(arr, 5);
printf("the maximum value in an array is: %d\n", max);
return 0;
}
int arr_max(int arr[], int n)
{
int result;
int index;
result = arr[0];
for (index = 1; index < n; index++)
{
if (result < arr[index])
result = arr[index];
}
return result;
}
4.编写一个函数,返回储存在double类型数组中最大值的下标,并在一个简单的程序中测试该函数。
#include<stdio.h>
#define SIZE 5
int subscript(double * arr, int n);
int main(void)
{
double arr[SIZE];
int i;
int val;
printf("enter fives characters:");
for (i = 0; i < SIZE; i++)
scanf("%lf,", arr + i);
val = subscript(arr, SIZE);
printf("the following table for the maximum of the array is:%d\n", val);
return 0;
}
int subscript(double* arr, int n)
{
int val = 0;
int index;
double max = *arr;
for (index = 1; index < n; index++)
{
if (max < *(arr + index))
{
max = *(arr + index);
val = index;
}
}
return val;
}
5.编写一个函数,返回储存在double类型数组中最大值和最小值的差值,并在一个简单的程序中测试该函数。
#include<stdio.h>
#define SIZE 5
double arr_max(double * arr, int n);
double arr_min(double* arr, int n);
int main()
{
double arr[SIZE];
double max, min;
int index;
printf("enter %d data elements:", SIZE);
for (index = 0; index < SIZE; index++)
scanf("%lf", arr + index);
min = arr_min(arr, SIZE);
max = arr_max(arr, SIZE);
printf("the difference between the maximum and the minimum is %3g\n", max - min);
return 0;
}
double arr_max(double* arr, int n)
{
double max;
int index;
max = *arr;
for (index = 1; index < n; index++)
if (max < *(arr + index))
max = *(arr + index);
return max;
}
double arr_min(double* arr, int n)
{
double min;
int index;
min = *arr;
for (index = 1; index < n; index++)
if (min > *(arr + index))
min = *(arr + index);
return min;
}
6.编写一个函数,把double类型数组中的数据倒序排列,并在一个简单的程序中测试该函数。
#include<stdio.h>
#define SIZE 8
void arr_sort(double* pa, double* arr, int n);
int main()
{
int index;
double arr[SIZE];
double target[SIZE];
printf("enter %d number:", SIZE);
for (index = 0; index < SIZE; index++)
scanf("%lf,", arr + index);
arr_sort(target, arr, SIZE);
printf("inverse array elements are:\n");
for (index = 0; index < SIZE; index++)
printf("%3g\t", target[index]);
putchar('\n');
return 0;
}
void arr_sort(dounle* pa, double* arr, int n)
{
int index;
for (index = n - 1; index >= 0; index--)
{
*pa = *(arr + index);
pa++;
}
}
7.编写一个程序,初始化一个double类型的二维数组,使用编程练习2中的一个拷贝函数把该数组中的数据拷贝至另一个二维数组中(因为二维数组是数组的数组,所以可以使用处理一维数组的拷贝函数来处理数组中的每个子数组)。
方法一
#include<stdio.h>
#define COL 4
void copy_arr(double target[][COL], double source[][COL], int n);
int main()
{
int i, j;
double arr[3][4] = {
2.3, 8.5, 0.5, 3.6,
1.2, 5.2, 9.5, 0.5,
1.3, 3.5, 6.2, 9
};
double target[3][4];
copy_arr(target, arr, 3);
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
for (j = 0; j < 4; j++)
printf("%3g\t", *(*(target + i) + j));
printf("\n");
}
return 0;
}
void copy_arr(double target[][COL], double source[][COL], int n)
{
int i, j;
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
for (j = 0; j < COL; j++)
{
*(*(target + i) + j) = *(*(source + i) + j);
}
}
方法二
#include<stdio.h>
#define COL 4
void copy_ptr(double(*target)[COL], double(*source)[COL], int n);
int main()
{
int i, j;
double arr[3][4] = {
2.3, 8.5, 0.5, 3.6,
1.2, 5.2, 9.5, 0.5,
1.3, 3.5, 6.2, 9
};
double(*target)[4];
target = arr;
copy_ptr(target, arr, 3);
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
for (j = 0; j < 4; j++)
printf("%3g\t", *(*(target + i) + j));
printf("\n");
}
return 0;
}
void copy_ptr(double(*target)[COL], double(*source)[COL], int n)
{
int i, j;
for (i = 0; i < COL; i++)
for (j = 0; j < COL; j++)
{
*(*(target + i) + j) = *(*(source + i) + j);
}
}
方法三
#include<stdio.h>
#define COL 4
void copy_ptr(double(*target)[COL], double(*source)[COL], double *end);
int main()
{
int i, j;
double arr[3][4] = {
2.3, 8.5, 0.5, 3.6,
1.2, 5.2, 9.5, 0.5,
1.3, 3.5, 6.2, 9
};
double target[3][COL];
copy_ptr(target, arr, *(arr + 3) + 4);
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
for (j = 0; j < 4; j++)
printf("%3g\t", *(*(target + i) + j));
printf("\n");
}
return 0;
}
void copy_ptr(double(*target)[COL], double(*source)[COL], double *end)
{
int i;
while(*source < end)
{
for (i = 0; i < COL; i++)
*(*target + i) = *(*source + i);
*target++;
*source++;
}
}
8.使用编程练习2中的拷贝函数,把一个内含7个元素的数组中第3~第5个元素拷贝至内含3个元素的数组中。该函数本身不需要修改,只需要选择合适的实际参数(实际参数不需要是数组名和数组大小,只需要是数组元素的地址和待处理元素的个数)。
#include<stdio.h>
void copy_ptr(double* target, double* source, int n);
int main()
{
double arr[7];
double* target;
target = arr;
int index;
printf("enter 7 data elements:\n");
for (index = 0; index < 7; index++)
scanf("%lf,", (arr + index));
copy_ptr(target, arr, 3);
printf("the third to fifth data elements are:\n");
for (index = 0; index < 3; inedx++)
printf("%3g\t", *(target + index));
printf("\n");
return 0;
}
void copy_ptr(double* target, double* source, int n)
{
int index = 0;
for (index = 0; index <= n; index++)
*(target + index) = *(source + index + 2);
}
多维数组:
#include<stdio.h>
#define SIZE 7
#define Size 3
#define ROW 2
void copy_ptr(double (*target)[Size], double (*source)[SIZE], int n);
int main(void)
{
double arr[ROW][SIZE] = {
1.5,5.3,6.2,1.8,2.3,5.9,4.5,
8.4,9.1,5.4,8.2,3.4,8.5,7.5
};
double (*target)[Size];
int index,j;
target = arr;
copy_ptr(target, arr, Size);
printf("The third to fifth data elements are:\n");
for (index = 0; index < ROW; index++)
{
for (j = 0; j < Size; j++)
printf("%3g\t", *(*(target + index) + j));
printf("\n");
}
return 0;
}
void copy_ptr(double (*target)[Size], double (*source)[SIZE], int n)
{
int index;
int count = 0;
while (count < ROW)
{
for (index = 0; index <= n; index++)
*(*target + index) = *(*source + index + 2);
*target++;
*source++;
count++;
}
}
9.编写一个程序,初始化一个double类型的3×5二维数组,使用一个处理变长数组的函数将其拷贝至另一个二维数组中。还要编写一个以变长数组为形参的函数以显示两个数组的内容。这两个函数应该能处理任意N×M数组(如果编译器不支持变长数组,就使用传统C函数处理N×5的数组)。
不支持变长数组,用的是传统C函数处理NX5的数组
#include<stdio.h>
#define ROWS 3
#define COLS 5
void copy_arr(double(*target)[COLS], double(*source)[COLS], int n);
int main(void)
{
double arr[][COLS] = {
1.7,4.3,6.2,7.6,5.6,
3.8,2.8,3.8,0.2,0.8,
1.9,0.6,1.3,2.6,5.2 };
double carr[][COLS] = { {0} ,{0} ,{0} };
copy_arr(carr, arr, ROWS);
return 0;
}
void copy_arr(double(*target)[COLS], double(*source)[COLS], int n)
{
int i, j;
printf("The initial array element is:\n");
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
for (j = 0; j < COLS; j++)
printf("%3g\t", *(*(source+i)+j));
printf("\n");
}
printf("The replicated array elements are:\n");
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
for (j = 0; j < COLS; j++)
printf("%3g\t", *(*(target + i) + j)= *(*(source + i) + j));
printf("\n");
}
}
10.编写一个函数,把两个数组中相对应的元素相加,然后把结果储存到第 3 个数组中。也就是说,如果数组1中包含的值是2、4、5、8,数组2中包含的值是1、0、4、6,那么该函数把3、4、9、14赋给第3个数组。函数接受3个数组名和一个数组大小。在一个简单的程序中测试该函数。
#include <stdio.h>
#define ROWS 3
#define COLS 5
void show_arr(double(*arr)[COLS], int n);
void sum_arr(double target[][COLS], double arr1[][COLS], double arr2[][COLS], int n);
int main(void)
{
double arr1[][COLS] = {
1.7,4.3,6.2,7.6,5.6,
3.8,2.8,3.8,0.2,0.8,
1.9,0.6,1.3,2.6,5.2 };
double arr2 [][COLS] = {
8.5,8.2,1.2,1.6,2.4,
0.0,5.2,0.9,0.3,0.9,
1.4,7.3,9.1,8.5,6.7 };
double sum[ROWS][COLS] = { 0 };
printf("The first set of 3x5 array elements are:\n");
show_arr(arr1,ROWS);
printf("The second set of 3x5 array elements are:\n");
show_arr(arr2, ROWS);
sum_arr(sum, arr1, arr2, ROWS);
printf("The array element of 3x5 after summation is:\n");
show_arr(sum, ROWS);
return 0;
}
void show_arr(double(*arr)[COLS], int n)
{
int i, j;
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
for (j = 0; j < COLS; j++)
printf("%3g\t", *(*(arr + i) + j));
printf("\n");
}
}
void sum_arr(double target[][COLS], double arr1[][COLS], double arr2[][COLS], int n)
{
int i, j;
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
for (j = 0; j < COLS; j++)
*(*(target + i) + j) = *(*(arr1 + i) + j) + *(*(arr2 + i) + j);
}
}
11.编写一个程序,声明一个int类型的3×5二维数组,并用合适的值初始化它。该程序打印数组中的值,然后各值翻倍(即是原值的2倍),并显示出各元素的新值。编写一个函数显示数组的内容,再编写一个函数把各元素的值翻倍。这两个函数都以函数名和行数作为参数。
#include <stdio.h>
#define ROWS 3
#define COLS 5
void show_arr(double arr[][COLS], int n);
void twofold_arr(double two_arr[][COLS], double arr[][COLS], int n);
int main(void)
{
double arr[][COLS] = {
1.7,4.3,6.2,7.6,5.6,
3.8,2.8,3.8,0.2,0.8,
1.9,0.6,1.3,2.6,5.2 };
double two_arr[ROWS][COLS] = { 0 };
printf("Initial values of array elements:\n");
show_arr(arr, ROWS);
twofold_arr(two_arr,arr, ROWS);
printf("Values of array elements after doubling:\n");
show_arr(two_arr, ROWS);
return 0;
}
void show_arr(double arr[][COLS], int n)
{
int i, j;
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
for (j = 0; j < COLS; j++)
printf("%3g\t", arr[i][j]);
printf("\n");
}
}
void twofold_arr(double two_arr[][COLS], double arr[][COLS], int n)
{
int i, j;
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
for (j = 0; j < COLS; j++)
*(*(two_arr+i)+j) = *(*(arr+i)+j) + *(*(arr + i) + j);
}
}
12.重写程序清单10.7的rain.c程序,把main()中的主要任务都改成用函数来完成。
//计算每年的总的降水量、年平均降水量、5年中每月的平均降水量
#include <stdio.h>
#define MONTHS 12
#define YEARS 5
void total_rain(const float arr[][MONTHS], int m);
void average_rain(const float arr[][MONTHS], int m);
int main(void)
{
const float rain[YEARS][MONTHS] = {
4.3,4.3,4.3,3.0,2.0,1.2,0.2,0.2,0.4,2.4,3.5,6.6,
8.5,8.2,1.2,1.6,2.4,0.0,5.2,0.9,0.3,0.9,1.4,7.3,
9.1,8.5,6.7,4.3,2.1,0.8,0.2,0.2,1.1,2.3,6.1,8.4,
7.2,9.9,8.4,3.3,1.2,0.8,0.4,0.0,0.6,1.7,4.3,6.2,
7.6,5.6,3.8,2.8,3.8,0.2,0.0,0.0,0.0,1.3,2.6,5.2 };
total_rain(rain, YEARS);
average_rain(rain, YEARS);
return 0;
}
void total_rain(const float arr[][MONTHS], int m)
{
int i, j;
double subtot, total=0;
printf("YEAR RAINFALL(inches)\n");
for (i = 0; i < m; i++)
{
for (subtot=0,j = 0; j < MONTHS; j++)
subtot += arr[i][j];
printf("%d %3g\n",2010+i, subtot );
total += subtot;
}
printf("The yearly average is %3g inches.\n", total / YEARS);
}
void average_rain(const float arr[][MONTHS], int m)
{
int i, j;
double total;
printf("MONTHLY AVERAGES:\n");
printf("Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec\n");
for (i = 0; i < MONTHS; i++)
{
for (total=0,j = 0; j < m; j++)
total += arr[j][i];
printf("%.1f ", total/m);
}
printf("\n");
}
13.编写一个程序,提示用户输入3组数,每组数包含5个double类型的数(假设用户都正确地响应,不会输入非数值数据)。该程序应完成下列任务。
a.把用户输入的数据储存在3×5的数组中
b.计算每组(5个)数据的平均值
c.计算所有数据的平均值
d.找出这15个数据中的最大值
e.打印结果
每个任务都要用单独的函数来完成(使用传统C处理数组的方式)。完成任务b,要编写一个计算并返回一维数组平均值的函数,利用循环调用该函数3次。对于处理其他任务的函数,应该把整个数组作为参数,完成任务c和d的函数应把结果返回主调函数。
觉得任务b的做法不太对
#include <stdio.h>
#define ROWS 3
#define COLS 5
void input_arr(double arr[][COLS],int n);
void average_arr(double arr[][COLS], int n);
double averall_arr(double arr[][COLS], int n);
double max_arr(double arr[][COLS], int n);
void show_arr(double arr[][COLS], int n);
int main(void)
{
double aver;
double max;
double arr[ROWS][COLS] = { 0 };
double ave_arr[ROWS] = { 0 };
printf("输入15个数据:\n");
input_arr(arr,ROWS);
show_arr(arr, ROWS);
average_arr(arr, ROWS);
aver = averall_arr(arr, ROWS);
printf("这15个数据的平均值是%3g\n", aver);
max = max_arr(arr, ROWS);
printf("这15个数的最大值是%3g\n", max);
return 0;
}
void input_arr(double arr[][COLS], int n)
{
int i, j;
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
for (j = 0; j < COLS; j++)
scanf("%lf,", &arr[i][j]);
}
}
void average_arr( double arr[][COLS], int n)
{
int i, j;
double total;
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
for (total = 0, j = 0; j < COLS; j++)
total += arr[i][j];
printf("第%d行的平均值是%3g\n", i + 1, total / COLS);
}
}
double averall_arr(double arr[][COLS], int n)
{
int i, j;
double total=0;
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
for (j = 0; j < COLS; j++)
total += arr[i][j];
}
return total / (n*COLS);
}
double max_arr(double arr[][COLS], int n)
{
int i, j;
double max;
max = arr[0][0];
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
for (j = 0; j < COLS;j++)
if (max < arr[i][j])
max = arr[i][j];
}
return max;
}
void show_arr(double arr[][COLS], int n)
{
int i, j;
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
for (j = 0; j < COLS; j++)
printf("%3g\t", arr[i][j]);
printf("\n");
}
}