1. 利用scipy包计算表格线的峰值
import cv2
import numpy as np
from scipy.signal import find_peaks, peak_widths
def get_lines_from_image(img_bin, axis, kernel_len_div = 20, kernel_len = None, iters = 3):
"""
:param img_bin: opencv img
:param axis: 0 对应竖直， 1对应水平线
:param kernel_len_div: 相对于边长的几分之几
:param kernel_len: 直接给定和长度，如果这个长度不为０， 上述例子失效
:return:
"""
DEBUG = True
# Defining a kernel length
if kernel_len is not None:
assert kernel_len > 0
kernel_length = kernel_len
else:
kernel_length = max(np.array(img_bin).shape[axis] // kernel_len_div, 1)
if axis == 0:
# A verticle kernel of (1 X kernel_length), which will detect all the verticle lines from the image.
verticle_kernel = cv2.getStructuringElement(cv2.MORPH_RECT, (1, kernel_length))
# Morphological operation to detect verticle lines from an image
img_temp1 = cv2.erode(img_bin, verticle_kernel, iterations=iters)
verticle_lines_img = cv2.dilate(img_temp1, verticle_kernel, iterations=iters)
if DEBUG:
cv2.imwrite("verticle_lines.jpg", verticle_lines_img)
return verticle_lines_img
else:
# A horizontal kernel of (kernel_length X 1), which will help to detect all the horizontal line from the image.
hori_kernel = cv2.getStructuringElement(cv2.MORPH_RECT, (kernel_length, 1))
# Morphological operation to detect horizontal lines from an image
img_temp2 = cv2.erode(img_bin, hori_kernel, iterations=iters)
horizontal_lines_img = cv2.dilate(img_temp2, hori_kernel, iterations=iters)
if DEBUG:
cv2.imwrite("horizontal_lines.jpg", horizontal_lines_img)
return horizontal_lines_img
def line_img_add(verticle_lines_img, horizontal_lines_img):
# 把检测出来的横线和竖线相加
alpha = 0.5
beta = 1.0 - alpha
img_final_bin = cv2.addWeighted(verticle_lines_img, alpha, horizontal_lines_img, beta, 0.0)
return img_final_bin
def project(np_arr, axis):
# 水平或垂直投影, 0竖直，1水平
return np.count_nonzero(np_arr == 0, axis=axis)
def get_grid_coordinate(img_bin, prominence_ratio = 0.3, height_ratio=None, distance=None, DEBUG=0):
"""
计算格点水平(x)和竖直(y)坐标和线宽
:param img_bin: 白底黑线
:return:
"""
#参数
# prominence_ratio 峰值的突出程度, 相对于表格长宽
h, w = img_bin.shape
# print("size",h,w)
x_prj = project(img_bin, 0)
y_prj = project(img_bin, 1)
# 检测峰值
# high_ratio = 0.1 # todo 这也是一个参数
height_x = height_y = None
if height_ratio is not None:
height_x = height_ratio * h
height_y = height_ratio * w
# x_peaks, _ = find_peaks(x_prj, height=high_ratio*h, distance = max(1,w/20), prominence=(h*prominence_ratio, None))
# y_peaks, _ = find_peaks(y_prj, height=high_ratio*w, distance = max(1,w/50), prominence=(w*prominence_ratio, None))
print('height_x,height_y:', height_x, height_y)
x_peaks, _ = find_peaks(x_prj, height=height_x, distance=distance, prominence=(h * prominence_ratio, None))
y_peaks, _ = find_peaks(y_prj, height=height_y, distance=distance, prominence=(w * prominence_ratio, None))
x_peaks = list(x_peaks)
y_peaks = list(y_peaks)
DEBUG =True
if DEBUG:
#plot
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
img = img_bin
plt.subplot(211)
plt.title("x")
print('range(x_prj.shape[0]):',range(x_prj.shape[0]))
plt.plot(range(x_prj.shape[0]), x_prj)
plt.plot(x_peaks, x_prj[x_peaks], "x")
plt.subplot(212)
plt.title("y")
plt.plot(range(y_prj.shape[0]), y_prj)
plt.plot(y_peaks, y_prj[y_peaks], "x")
plt.show()
if len(x_peaks) == 0: # 如果没检测到峰值, 把检测框边界峰值
x_peaks = [0, w]
print("x_peaks is None !!!!!!!")
if len(y_peaks) == 0:
y_peaks = [0, h]
print("y_peaks is None !!!!!!!")
# 计算线宽, 假设线宽一定, 横有m根线, 竖有n根线, 表格高为h, 宽为w, 线宽为x
# n_nonzero = m*w*x + n*h*x - m*n*x^2
# n_nonzero 约等于 m*w*x + n*h*x
h,w = img_bin.shape
m,n = len(y_peaks), len(x_peaks)
line_width = np.count_nonzero(img_bin == 0) / (m*w + n*h)
line_width = round(line_width) + 1
return x_peaks, y_peaks, line_width
if __name__ == '__main__':
path= './test_page_debug_out_debug/table_crop_fix_rm_char.jpg'
img = cv2.imread(path)
img_bin = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
verticle_lines_img = get_lines_from_image(img_bin, 0, kernel_len_div=40)
horizontal_lines_img = get_lines_from_image(img_bin, 1, kernel_len_div=40)
# 表格线提取
img_final_bin_lines = line_img_add(verticle_lines_img, horizontal_lines_img)
cv2.imwrite('./img_final_bin_lines.jpg',img_final_bin_lines)
kernel = cv2.getStructuringElement(cv2.MORPH_RECT, (3, 3))
# 膨胀并二值化
img_final_bin_lines = cv2.erode(~img_final_bin_lines, kernel, iterations=2)
(thresh, img_final_bin_lines) = cv2.threshold(img_final_bin_lines, 128, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY | cv2.THRESH_OTSU)
cv2.imwrite('./img_final_bin_lines_fix.jpg', img_final_bin_lines)
# 根据表格线计算格点坐标 -----------------------------------
x_grids, y_grids, line_w = get_grid_coordinate(img_final_bin_lines)
输入：
提取竖直线：
提取水平线：
水平线与竖直线峰值查找：
二. 还原表格结构
import cv2
from PIL import Image
import numpy as np
import os
import os.path as osp
from scipy.signal import find_peaks, peak_widths
debug = True
def get_lines_from_image(img_bin, axis, kernel_len_div=20, kernel_len=None, iters=3):
"""
:param img_bin: opencv img
:param axis: 0 对应竖直， 1对应水平线
:param kernel_len_div: 相对于边长的几分之几
:param kernel_len: 直接给定和长度，如果这个长度不为０， 上述例子失效
:return:
"""
DEBUG = 0
# Defining a kernel length
if kernel_len is not None:
assert kernel_len > 0
kernel_length = kernel_len
else:
kernel_length = max(np.array(img_bin).shape[axis] // kernel_len_div, 1)
if axis == 0:
# A verticle kernel of (1 X kernel_length), which will detect all the verticle lines from the image.
verticle_kernel = cv2.getStructuringElement(cv2.MORPH_RECT, (1, kernel_length))
# Morphological operation to detect verticle lines from an image
img_temp1 = cv2.erode(img_bin, verticle_kernel, iterations=iters)
verticle_lines_img = cv2.dilate(img_temp1, verticle_kernel, iterations=iters)
if DEBUG:
cv2.imwrite("verticle_lines.jpg", verticle_lines_img)
return verticle_lines_img
else:
# A horizontal kernel of (kernel_length X 1), which will help to detect all the horizontal line from the image.
hori_kernel = cv2.getStructuringElement(cv2.MORPH_RECT, (kernel_length, 1))
# Morphological operation to detect horizontal lines from an image
img_temp2 = cv2.erode(img_bin, hori_kernel, iterations=iters)
horizontal_lines_img = cv2.dilate(img_temp2, hori_kernel, iterations=iters)
if DEBUG:
cv2.imwrite("horizontal_lines.jpg", horizontal_lines_img)
return horizontal_lines_img
def line_img_add(verticle_lines_img, horizontal_lines_img):
# Weighting parameters, this will decide the quantity of an image to be added to make a new image.
alpha = 0.5
beta = 1.0 - alpha
# This function helps to add two image with specific weight parameter to get a third image as summation of two image.
img_final_bin = cv2.addWeighted(verticle_lines_img, alpha, horizontal_lines_img, beta, 0.0)
return img_final_bin
def project(np_arr, axis):
# 水平或垂直投影, 0竖直，1水平
return np.count_nonzero(np_arr == 0, axis=axis)
def get_grid_coordinate(img_bin, prominence_ratio=0.3, height_ratio=None, distance=None):
"""
计算格点水平(x)和竖直(y)坐标和线宽
:param img_bin: 白底黑线
:return:
"""
# 参数
# prominence_ratio 峰值的突出程度, 相对于表格长宽
h, w = img_bin.shape
DEBUG = False
if DEBUG:
cv2.imwrite('table_crop.jpg', img_bin)
# print("size",h,w)
x_prj = project(img_bin, 0)
y_prj = project(img_bin, 1)
# 检测峰值
# high_ratio = 0.1 # todo 这也是一个参数
height_x = height_y = None
if height_ratio is not None:
height_x = height_ratio * h
height_y = height_ratio * w
# x_peaks, _ = find_peaks(x_prj, height=high_ratio*h, distance = max(1,w/20), prominence=(h*prominence_ratio, None))
# y_peaks, _ = find_peaks(y_prj, height=high_ratio*w, distance = max(1,w/50), prominence=(w*prominence_ratio, None))
x_peaks, _ = find_peaks(x_prj, height=height_x, distance=distance, prominence=(h * prominence_ratio, None))
y_peaks, _ = find_peaks(y_prj, height=height_y, distance=distance, prominence=(w * prominence_ratio, None))
if DEBUG:
# plot
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
img = img_bin
plt.subplot(211)
plt.title("x")
plt.plot(range(x_prj.shape[0]), x_prj)
plt.plot(x_peaks, x_prj[x_peaks], "x")
plt.subplot(212)
plt.title("y")
plt.plot(range(y_prj.shape[0]), y_prj)
plt.plot(y_peaks, y_prj[y_peaks], "x")
plt.show()
# cv2.waitKey(0)
if len(x_peaks) == 0: # 如果没检测到峰值, 把检测框边界峰值
x_peaks = [0, w]
# print("x_peaks is None !!!!!!!")
if len(y_peaks) == 0:
y_peaks = [0, h]
# print("y_peaks is None !!!!!!!")
# 计算线宽, 假设线宽一定, 横有m根线, 竖有n根线, 表格高为h, 宽为w, 线宽为x
# n_nonzero = m*w*x + n*h*x - m*n*x^2
# n_nonzero 约等于 m*w*x + n*h*x
h, w = img_bin.shape
m, n = len(y_peaks), len(x_peaks)
line_width = np.count_nonzero(img_bin == 0) / (m * w + n * h)
line_width = max(round(line_width), 1)
return list(x_peaks), list(y_peaks), line_width
def check_line_exist(img_bin, pt1, pt2, width, threshold=0.5, DEBUG=0):
# 剪切图片以加速
x1 = min(pt1[0], pt2[0])
x2 = max(pt1[0], pt2[0])
y1 = min(pt1[1], pt2[1])
y2 = max(pt1[1], pt2[1])
h, w = img_bin.shape
d = width * 2
x1 = max(0, x1 - d)
y1 = max(0, y1 - d)
x2 = min(w-1, x2 + d)
y2 = min(h-1, y2 + d)
img_bin = img_bin[y1: y2, x1: x2].copy()
pt1 = (pt1[0] - x1, pt1[1] - y1)
pt2 = (pt2[0] - x1, pt2[1] - y1)
if DEBUG:
cv2.imwrite('./img_bin_after_crop.jpg', img_bin)
# print("now check", pt1, pt2)
line_mask = np.zeros_like(img_bin)
cv2.line(line_mask, pt1, pt2, color=(255, 255, 255), thickness=width)
mask_cnt = np.count_nonzero(line_mask)
img_bin_tmp = ~img_bin.copy()
kernel = cv2.getStructuringElement(cv2.MORPH_RECT, (5, 5))
img_bin_tmp = cv2.dilate(img_bin_tmp, kernel, iterations=1)
img_after_mask = cv2.bitwise_and(line_mask, img_bin_tmp)
and_cnt = np.count_nonzero(img_after_mask)
if DEBUG:
cv2.imwrite("./line_mask.jpg", line_mask)
cv2.imwrite('./img_after_mask.jpg', img_after_mask)
cv2.imwrite("./img_bin_tmp.jpg", img_bin_tmp)
# print('check_line_exist', (and_cnt / mask_cnt))
return (and_cnt / mask_cnt) > threshold
def get_table_structure(img_final_bin_lines, x_grids, y_grids, line_w):
# 推断表格结构
# 判断每条边是否存在, 不存在在改边两边区域相连
DEBUG = 0
n_x = len(x_grids)
n_y = len(y_grids)
if DEBUG:
print("n_x, n_y", n_x, n_y)
cell_id_mark = np.full((n_y - 1, n_x - 1), -1, dtype=int) # 给每个cell一个id，id相同代表联通
cell_id_sets = [set() for _ in range(n_x * n_y)] # 记录每个id包含哪些cell
id = 0
# def f(row, col):
# # 单元格坐标转序号
# return n_x*row + col
#
# def f_revers(id):
# # 序号转单元格坐标
# return (id//n_x, id%n_x)
# 检查竖直线
if len(x_grids) > 2:
for x_id, x in enumerate(x_grids[1:-1]):
x_id += 1 # 因为是从1开始
for y_id, y in enumerate(y_grids[:-1]):
if not check_line_exist(img_final_bin_lines, (x, y), (x, y_grids[y_id + 1]), width=line_w,
threshold=0.5, DEBUG=False):
# if DEBUG:
print("没有发现竖直线:x_id,y_id", x_id, y_id)
left_id = cell_id_mark[y_id, x_id - 1]
# print('==left_id:', left_id)
if left_id == -1:
cell_id_mark[y_id, x_id - 1] = id
cell_id_mark[y_id, x_id] = id
cell_id_sets[id].add((y_id, x_id - 1))
cell_id_sets[id].add((y_id, x_id))
id += 1
else:
cell_id_mark[y_id, x_id] = left_id
cell_id_sets[left_id].add((y_id, x_id))
print('==cell_id_mark:', cell_id_mark)
# assert 1 == 0
# print('cell_id_sets', cell_id_sets)
# 检查水平线
if len(y_grids) > 2:
for y_id, y in enumerate(y_grids[1:-1]):
y_id += 1
for x_id, x in enumerate(x_grids[:-1]):
# print(cell_id_mark)
if not check_line_exist(img_final_bin_lines, (x_grids[x_id + 1], y), (x, y), width=line_w,
threshold=0.5, DEBUG=False):
# if DEBUG:
print("======没有发现水平线,x_id, y_id", x_id, y_id)
up_id = cell_id_mark[y_id - 1, x_id]
down_id = cell_id_mark[y_id, x_id]
# print('===up_id:', up_id)
# print('===down_id:', down_id)
if up_id != -1:
if down_id != -1:
if up_id != down_id: # 合并同一区域的id
# print('cell_id_sets[up_id]',cell_id_sets[up_id])
# print('cell_id_sets[down_id]', cell_id_sets[down_id])
cell_id_mark[y_id, x_id] = up_id
cell_id_sets[up_id] |= cell_id_sets[down_id]
cell_id_sets[down_id].clear()
# print('cell_id_sets[up_id]',cell_id_sets[up_id])
else:
cell_id_mark[y_id, x_id] = up_id
cell_id_sets[up_id].add((y_id, x_id))
else:
cell_id_mark[y_id - 1, x_id] = id
cell_id_mark[y_id, x_id] = id
cell_id_sets[id].add((y_id - 1, x_id))
cell_id_sets[id].add((y_id, x_id))
id += 1
print('==cell_id_mark:', cell_id_mark)
# assert 1 == 0
print('==x_grids:', x_grids)
print('==y_grids:', y_grids)
print('==cell_id_mark:', cell_id_mark)
print('==cell_id_sets:', cell_id_sets)
# 填补其他没id的单元格依次加1
for x_id, x in enumerate(x_grids[:-1]):
for y_id, y in enumerate(y_grids[:-1]):
if cell_id_mark[y_id, x_id] == -1:
cell_id_mark[y_id, x_id] = id
cell_id_sets[id].add((y_id, x_id))
id += 1
print('==cell_id_mark:', cell_id_mark)
print('==cell_id_sets:', cell_id_sets)
print('==id:', id)
# assert 1 == 0
# print('after check ver',cell_id_mark)
# print(cell_id_sets)
# 输出
rst = []
for id in range(id):
if len(cell_id_sets[id]) == 0:
continue
if len(cell_id_sets[id]) == 1:
cell = {}
cell_row, cell_col = list(cell_id_sets[id])[0]
cell["id"] = id
cell["row_start"] = cell_row # 结构坐标
cell["col_start"] = cell_col
cell["row_end"] = cell_row + 1
cell["col_end"] = cell_col + 1
cell["x1"] = x_grids[cell_col] # 绝对坐标
cell["y1"] = y_grids[cell_row]
cell["x2"] = x_grids[cell_col + 1]
cell["y2"] = y_grids[cell_row + 1]
cell["crnn"] = [] # 后续使用
cell["text"] = "" # 后续使用
rst.append(cell)
else:
id_min = sorted(cell_id_sets[id])[0]
id_max = sorted(cell_id_sets[id])[-1]
cell = {}
cell_row_min, cell_col_min = id_min
cell_row_max, cell_col_max = id_max
cell["id"] = id
cell["row_start"] = cell_row_min # 结构坐标
cell["col_start"] = cell_col_min
cell["row_end"] = cell_row_max + 1
cell["col_end"] = cell_col_max + 1
cell["x1"] = x_grids[cell_col_min] # 绝对坐标
cell["y1"] = y_grids[cell_row_min]
cell["x2"] = x_grids[cell_col_max + 1]
cell["y2"] = y_grids[cell_row_max + 1]
cell["crnn"] = [] # 后续使用
cell["text"] = "" # 后续使用
rst.append(cell)
return cell_id_mark, rst
def box_extraction(cv_img):
"""
提取有框线表格结构, 返回list [[row_start,col_start,row_end,col_end],[...]]
:param img_path:
:param result_path:
:return:
"""
if len(cv_img.shape) == 3:
cv_img = cv2.cvtColor(cv_img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
# 二值化
# (thresh, img_bin) = cv2.threshold(cv_img, 128, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY | cv2.THRESH_OTSU) # Thresholding the image
img_bin = cv2.adaptiveThreshold(cv_img, 255, cv2.ADAPTIVE_THRESH_GAUSSIAN_C, \
cv2.THRESH_BINARY, 11, 2)
img_bin = 255 - img_bin # Invert the image
# 二次消除小轮廓
image, contours, hierarchy = cv2.findContours(img_bin, cv2.RETR_LIST, cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)
mask = np.ones(image.shape[:2], dtype="uint8") * 255
th_w = img_bin.shape[1] / 30
th_h = img_bin.shape[0] / 30
for c in contours:
x, y, w, h = cv2.boundingRect(c) # 第一遍根据长宽删选
if w < th_w and h < th_h:
cv2.drawContours(mask, [c], -1, 0, -1)
img_bin = cv2.bitwise_and(img_bin, img_bin, mask=mask)
if debug:
cv2.imwrite('./img_bin_no_noise.jpg', img_bin)
kernel = cv2.getStructuringElement(cv2.MORPH_CROSS, (3, 3))
img_bin = cv2.dilate(img_bin, kernel, iterations=1)
image, contours, hierarchy = cv2.findContours(img_bin, cv2.RETR_LIST, cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)
mask = np.ones(image.shape[:2], dtype="uint8") * 255
th_w = img_bin.shape[1] / 5
th_h = img_bin.shape[0] / 5
for c in contours:
if cv2.contourArea(c) < th_w * th_h:
cv2.drawContours(mask, [c], -1, 0, -1)
img_bin = cv2.bitwise_and(img_bin, img_bin, mask=mask)
if debug:
cv2.imwrite("img_remove_noise2.jpg", img_bin)
verticle_lines_img = get_lines_from_image(img_bin, 0, kernel_len_div=40)
horizontal_lines_img = get_lines_from_image(img_bin, 1, kernel_len_div=40)
# 表格线提取
img_final_bin_lines = line_img_add(verticle_lines_img, horizontal_lines_img)
# 膨胀并二值化
# A kernel of (3 X 3) ones.
kernel = cv2.getStructuringElement(cv2.MORPH_RECT, (3, 3))
img_final_bin_lines = cv2.erode(~img_final_bin_lines, kernel, iterations=2)
(thresh, img_final_bin_lines) = cv2.threshold(img_final_bin_lines, 128, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY | cv2.THRESH_OTSU)
if debug:
cv2.imwrite("img_final_bin_lines.jpg", img_final_bin_lines)
# 根据表格线计算格点坐标
x_grids, y_grids, line_w = get_grid_coordinate(img_final_bin_lines)
print('===x_grids, y_grids, line_w:', x_grids, y_grids, line_w)
cell_id_mark, rst = get_table_structure(img_final_bin_lines, x_grids, y_grids, line_w)
return x_grids, y_grids, cell_id_mark, rst
def debug_single_img():
# img_path = './table_crop.jpg'
img_path = './table_crop2.png'
img = cv2.imread(img_path, 0) # Read the image
x_grids, y_grids, cell_id_mark, rst = box_extraction(img)
print('==x_grids:', x_grids)
print('==y_grids:', y_grids)
print('==cell_id_mark:', cell_id_mark)
print('==rst:', rst)
if __name__ == '__main__':
debug_single_img()在将rst接入这篇博客就还原出相应的excel啦.
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