随着科学技术的发展和普及,各种各样的竞赛越来越多,其中抢答器的作用也就显而易见。本课程设计出以STC89C52RC单片机为核心,以八路抢答为基本理念,利用普中集成开发板设计八路抢答器。考虑到依需设定倒计时抢答的功能,利用51单片机及外围接口实现的抢答系统,利用单片机的定时器定时的原理,将软、硬件有机地结合起来,使得系统能够正确地进行计时,同时使用LCD1602显示倒计时和抢答者的序号。用按键输出,蜂鸣器发出抢答和倒计时提示。同时系统能够实现:在抢答中,只有当主持人按开始键后倒计时开始,倒计时结束并发出警示可以抢答,若抢答者提前抢答,将会在LCD上显示违规,且显示违规者的序号,抢答成功蜂鸣器发声并从LCD显示相应的抢答者序号;倒计时未结束,按键锁定;同时用Proteus进行仿真,实物和仿真都完美运行成功。
PROTEUS仿真

main.c
//main.c
#include <REGX52.H>
#include "Timer0.H"
#include "Key.H"
#include "Timer1.H"
#include "INTRINS.H"
#include "LCD1602.H"
sbit Buzzer=P1^5;
unsigned char KeyNum,Sec=10,TimeLock,MemoryTime,UserKey,User;fault=0; //调节Sec为计时初始值
void Buzzer_Delay500us()
{
unsigned char i;
_nop_();
i = 247;
while (--i);
}
void Buzzer_Time(unsigned int ms) //蜂鸣器播放,时间单位:ms
{
unsigned int i;
for(i=0;i<ms*2;i++)
{
Buzzer=!Buzzer;
Buzzer_Delay500us();
}
}
void main()
{
Timer0_Init();
Timer1Init();
LCD_Init();
MemoryTime=Sec;
while(1)
{
LCD_ShowString(1,1,"Count down:");
if(fault==0){LCD_ShowString(2,1,"Responder:");}
LCD_ShowNum(2,13,User,1);
LCD_ShowNum(1,13,Sec,2);
KeyNum=Key();
UserKey=Matrix_Key();
if(KeyNum) //主持人按下按键执行:
{
if(KeyNum==1){TimeLock=~TimeLock;ET1=1;Buzzer_Time(500);}
if(KeyNum==2){TimeLock=0;fault=0;Sec=MemoryTime;User=0;ET1=1;}
if(KeyNum==4){if(TimeLock==0){if(Sec<=60){Sec--;}MemoryTime=Sec;};}
if(KeyNum==3){if(TimeLock==0){if(Sec>=0){Sec++;}MemoryTime=Sec;};}
}
if(UserKey)
{
if(User==0)
{
switch(UserKey) //选手按下按键执行:
//犯规抢答中断
// {
// case 1:if(TimeLock&&Sec==0){User=1;ET1=0;Buzzer_Time(500);}break;
// case 2:if(TimeLock&&Sec==0){User=2;ET1=0;Buzzer_Time(500);}break;
// case 3:if(TimeLock&&Sec==0){User=3;ET1=0;Buzzer_Time(500);}break;
// case 4:if(TimeLock&&Sec==0){User=4;ET1=0;Buzzer_Time(500);}break;
// case 5:if(TimeLock&&Sec==0){User=5;ET1=0;Buzzer_Time(500);}break;
// case 6:if(TimeLock&&Sec==0){User=6;ET1=0;Buzzer_Time(500);}break;
// case 7:if(TimeLock&&Sec==0){User=7;ET1=0;Buzzer_Time(500);}break;
// case 8:if(TimeLock&&Sec==0){User=8;ET1=0;Buzzer_Time(500);}break;
// }
//犯规抢答显示
{
case 1:if(TimeLock){User=1;if(Sec!=0){LCD_ShowString(2,1,"Illegality:");LCD_ShowNum(2,13,User,1);fault=1;}ET1=0;Buzzer_Time(500);}break;
case 2:if(TimeLock){User=2;if(Sec!=0){LCD_ShowString(2,1,"Illegality:");LCD_ShowNum(2,13,User,1);fault=1;}ET1=0;Buzzer_Time(500);}break;
case 3:if(TimeLock){User=3;if(Sec!=0){LCD_ShowString(2,1,"Illegality:");LCD_ShowNum(2,13,User,1);fault=1;}ET1=0;Buzzer_Time(500);}break;
case 4:if(TimeLock){User=4;if(Sec!=0){LCD_ShowString(2,1,"Illegality:");LCD_ShowNum(2,13,User,1);fault=1;}ET1=0;Buzzer_Time(500);}break;
case 5:if(TimeLock){User=5;if(Sec!=0){LCD_ShowString(2,1,"Illegality:");LCD_ShowNum(2,13,User,1);fault=1;}ET1=0;Buzzer_Time(500);}break;
case 6:if(TimeLock){User=6;if(Sec!=0){LCD_ShowString(2,1,"Illegality:");LCD_ShowNum(2,13,User,1);fault=1;}ET1=0;Buzzer_Time(500);}break;
case 7:if(TimeLock){User=7;if(Sec!=0){LCD_ShowString(2,1,"Illegality:");LCD_ShowNum(2,13,User,1);fault=1;}ET1=0;Buzzer_Time(500);}break;
case 8:if(TimeLock){User=8;if(Sec!=0){LCD_ShowString(2,1,"Illegality:");LCD_ShowNum(2,13,User,1);fault=1;}ET1=0;Buzzer_Time(500);}break;
}
}
}
}
}
void Timer0_Routine() interrupt 1 //定时器扫描按键
{
static unsigned int T0Count1,T0Count2;
TL0 = 0x66; //设置定时初值
TH0 = 0xFC; //设置定时初值
T0Count1++;
T0Count2++;
if(T0Count2>20)
{
T0Count2=0;
Loop_MatrixKey();
}
if(T0Count1>20)
{
T0Count1=0;
Loop_Key();
}
}
void Timer1_Routine() interrupt 3
{
static unsigned int T1Count;
TL1 = 0x66;
TH1 = 0xFC;
if(TimeLock)
{
T1Count++;
if(T1Count>=1000) //Sec倒计时,1S
{
T1Count=0;
if(Sec)
Sec--;
if(Sec<=3&&Sec>=0)
Buzzer_Time(500);
if(User!=0)
Buzzer=0;
}
}
}
定时器
include <REGX52.H>
void Timer1Init(void) //1毫秒@11.0592MHz
{
TMOD &= 0x0F;
TMOD |= 0x10; //设置定时器模式
TL1 = 0x66;
TH1 = 0xFC;
TF1 = 0;
TR1 = 1;
ET1 = 1;
PT1 = 1;
}
#include <REGX52.H>
void Timer0_Init(void)
{
TMOD &= 0xF0; //设置定时器模式
TMOD |= 0x01; //设置定时器模式
TL0 = 0x66; //设置定时初值 1ms
TH0 = 0xFC; //设置定时初值
TF0 = 0; //清除TF0标志
TR0 = 1; //定时器0开始计时
ET0 = 1;
EA = 1;
PT0 = 0; //优先级标志位
}
LCD1602
#include <REGX52.H>
//引脚配置:
sbit LCD_RS=P2^6;
sbit LCD_RW=P2^5;
sbit LCD_EN=P2^7;
#define LCD_DataPort P0
//函数定义:
/**
* @brief LCD1602延时函数,12MHz调用可延时1ms
* @param 无
* @retval 无
*/
void LCD_Delay()
{
unsigned char i, j;
i = 2;
j = 239;
do
{
while (--j);
} while (--i);
}
/**
* @brief LCD1602写命令
* @param Command 要写入的命令
* @retval 无
*/
void LCD_WriteCommand(unsigned char Command)
{
LCD_RS=0;
LCD_RW=0;
LCD_DataPort=Command;
LCD_EN=1;
LCD_Delay();
LCD_EN=0;
LCD_Delay();
}
/**
* @brief LCD1602写数据
* @param Data 要写入的数据
* @retval 无
*/
void LCD_WriteData(unsigned char Data)
{
LCD_RS=1;
LCD_RW=0;
LCD_DataPort=Data;
LCD_EN=1;
LCD_Delay();
LCD_EN=0;
LCD_Delay();
}
/**
* @brief LCD1602设置光标位置
* @param Line 行位置,范围:1~2
* @param Column 列位置,范围:1~16
* @retval 无
*/
void LCD_SetCursor(unsigned char Line,unsigned char Column)
{
if(Line==1)
{
LCD_WriteCommand(0x80|(Column-1));
}
else if(Line==2)
{
LCD_WriteCommand(0x80|(Column-1+0x40));
}
}
/**
* @brief LCD1602初始化函数
* @param 无
* @retval 无
*/
void LCD_Init()
{
LCD_WriteCommand(0x38);//八位数据接口,两行显示,5*7点阵
LCD_WriteCommand(0x0c);//显示开,光标关,闪烁关
LCD_WriteCommand(0x06);//数据读写操作后,光标自动加一,画面不动
LCD_WriteCommand(0x01);//光标复位,清屏
}
/**
* @brief 在LCD1602指定位置上显示一个字符
* @param Line 行位置,范围:1~2
* @param Column 列位置,范围:1~16
* @param Char 要显示的字符
* @retval 无
*/
void LCD_ShowChar(unsigned char Line,unsigned char Column,char Char)
{
LCD_SetCursor(Line,Column);
LCD_WriteData(Char);
}
/**
* @brief 在LCD1602指定位置开始显示所给字符串
* @param Line 起始行位置,范围:1~2
* @param Column 起始列位置,范围:1~16
* @param String 要显示的字符串
* @retval 无
*/
void LCD_ShowString(unsigned char Line,unsigned char Column,char *String)
{
unsigned char i;
LCD_SetCursor(Line,Column);
for(i=0;String[i]!='\0';i++)
{
LCD_WriteData(String[i]);
}
}
/**
* @brief 返回值=X的Y次方
*/
int LCD_Pow(int X,int Y)
{
unsigned char i;
int Result=1;
for(i=0;i<Y;i++)
{
Result*=X;
}
return Result;
}
/**
* @brief 在LCD1602指定位置开始显示所给数字
* @param Line 起始行位置,范围:1~2
* @param Column 起始列位置,范围:1~16
* @param Number 要显示的数字,范围:0~65535
* @param Length 要显示数字的长度,范围:1~5
* @retval 无
*/
void LCD_ShowNum(unsigned char Line,unsigned char Column,unsigned int Number,unsigned char Length)
{
unsigned char i;
LCD_SetCursor(Line,Column);
for(i=Length;i>0;i--)
{
LCD_WriteData(Number/LCD_Pow(10,i-1)%10+'0');
}
}
/**
* @brief 在LCD1602指定位置开始以有符号十进制显示所给数字
* @param Line 起始行位置,范围:1~2
* @param Column 起始列位置,范围:1~16
* @param Number 要显示的数字,范围:-32768~32767
* @param Length 要显示数字的长度,范围:1~5
* @retval 无
*/
void LCD_ShowSignedNum(unsigned char Line,unsigned char Column,int Number,unsigned char Length)
{
unsigned char i;
unsigned int Number1;
LCD_SetCursor(Line,Column);
if(Number>=0)
{
LCD_WriteData('+');
Number1=Number;
}
else
{
LCD_WriteData('-');
Number1=-Number;
}
for(i=Length;i>0;i--)
{
LCD_WriteData(Number1/LCD_Pow(10,i-1)%10+'0');
}
}
/**
* @brief 在LCD1602指定位置开始以十六进制显示所给数字
* @param Line 起始行位置,范围:1~2
* @param Column 起始列位置,范围:1~16
* @param Number 要显示的数字,范围:0~0xFFFF
* @param Length 要显示数字的长度,范围:1~4
* @retval 无
*/
void LCD_ShowHexNum(unsigned char Line,unsigned char Column,unsigned int Number,unsigned char Length)
{
unsigned char i,SingleNumber;
LCD_SetCursor(Line,Column);
for(i=Length;i>0;i--)
{
SingleNumber=Number/LCD_Pow(16,i-1)%16;
if(SingleNumber<10)
{
LCD_WriteData(SingleNumber+'0');
}
else
{
LCD_WriteData(SingleNumber-10+'A');
}
}
}
/**
* @brief 在LCD1602指定位置开始以二进制显示所给数字
* @param Line 起始行位置,范围:1~2
* @param Column 起始列位置,范围:1~16
* @param Number 要显示的数字,范围:0~1111 1111 1111 1111
* @param Length 要显示数字的长度,范围:1~16
* @retval 无
*/
void LCD_ShowBinNum(unsigned char Line,unsigned char Column,unsigned int Number,unsigned char Length)
{
unsigned char i;
LCD_SetCursor(Line,Column);
for(i=Length;i>0;i--)
{
LCD_WriteData(Number/LCD_Pow(2,i-1)%2+'0');
}
}
按键
#include <REGX52.H>
unsigned char Key_KeyNum,Key_KeyNumber;
unsigned char Key()
{ unsigned char Temp=0;
Temp=Key_KeyNum;
Key_KeyNum=0;
return Temp;
}
unsigned char KeyNumber()
{ unsigned char KeyNum=0;
if(P3_1==0){KeyNum=1;}
if(P3_0==0){KeyNum=2;}
if(P3_2==0){KeyNum=3;}
if(P3_3==0){KeyNum=4;}
return KeyNum;
}
void Loop_Key()
{ static unsigned char LastKey=0,NowKey=0;
LastKey=NowKey;
NowKey=KeyNumber();
if(LastKey)
{
if(NowKey==0)
{
if(LastKey==1){Key_KeyNum=1;}
if(LastKey==2){Key_KeyNum=2;}
if(LastKey==3){Key_KeyNum=3;}
if(LastKey==4){Key_KeyNum=4;}
}
}
}
unsigned char Matrix_Key()
{
unsigned char Temp;
Temp=Key_KeyNumber;
Key_KeyNumber=0;
return Temp;
}
unsigned char MatrixKey()
{
unsigned char KeyNumber=0;
P1=0xFF;P1_0=0;
if(P1_6==0){KeyNumber=8;}
if(P1_7==0){KeyNumber=4;}
P1=0xFF;P1_1=0;
if(P1_6==0){KeyNumber=7;}
if(P1_7==0){KeyNumber=3;}
P1=0xFF;P1_2=0;
if(P1_6==0){KeyNumber=6;}
if(P1_7==0){KeyNumber=2;}
P1=0xFF;P1_3=0;
if(P1_5==0){KeyNumber=9;}
if(P1_6==0){KeyNumber=5;}
if(P1_7==0){KeyNumber=1;}
return KeyNumber;
}
void Loop_MatrixKey()
{
static unsigned char LastKey=0,NowKey=0;
LastKey=NowKey;
NowKey=MatrixKey();
if(LastKey==0 && NowKey==1){Key_KeyNumber=1;};
if(LastKey==0 && NowKey==2){Key_KeyNumber=2;};
if(LastKey==0 && NowKey==3){Key_KeyNumber=3;};
if(LastKey==0 && NowKey==4){Key_KeyNumber=4;};
if(LastKey==0 && NowKey==5){Key_KeyNumber=5;};
if(LastKey==0 && NowKey==6){Key_KeyNumber=6;};
if(LastKey==0 && NowKey==7){Key_KeyNumber=7;};
if(LastKey==0 && NowKey==8){Key_KeyNumber=8;};
}