指针,就是地址的形象化;我们通过知识点梳理和大量的例题对指针有一个深刻的理解。
大概知识点如图所示:
指针 + -整数:
指针 + 1:加上其所指向类型的大小;
指针 + n : 加上其所指向类型的大小的n倍;
int main() {
int n = 10;
char *p = (char*)&n;
int *pi = &n;
printf("%p\n", &n);//00CFF794
printf("%p\n", p); //00CFF794
printf("%p\n", pi);//00CFF794
printf("%p\n", p + 1);//00CFF795(+1)
printf("%p\n", pi + 1);//00CFF798(+4)
printf("%p\n", p + 2);//00CFF796(+2)
printf("%p\n", pi + 2);//00CFF79C(+8)
system("pause");
return 0;
}
指针 - 指针
结果为两指针所经历的元素的个数。
int main() {
char *s = "abcd";
char*p = s;
while (*p != '\0')
{
p++;
}
printf("%d", p - s);//4
指针解引用
int main() {
int n = 0x11223344;
char *p = (char*)&n;
int *pi = &n;
*p = 0x55;//0x11223355(访问时有字节限制)
*pi = 0;//0
printf("%x\n", n);
二级指针
存放指针地址的指针(注意左值与右值的区别)
int main() {
int b = 20;
int *pa = &b;
int **ppa = &pa;
printf("%d\n", b);//20
printf("%d\n", *pa);//20
printf("%d\n", pa);// 77fb48
printf("%d\n", *ppa);// 77fb48
printf("%d\n", ppa);// 77fb3c
指针与数组的相关练习题
int main() {
int a[4] = { 1,2,3,4 };
int *p1 = (int*)(&a + 1);
int *p2 = (int*)((int)a + 1);
printf("%x\n", p1[-1]);//4 p1[-1]=*(p1-1)
printf("%x\n", *p2);//2000000
}
int main(int argc, char*argv[])
{
int a[3][2] = { (0,1),(2,3),(4,5) };
//注意逗号表达式,只看后值。
int *p;
p = a[0];
printf("%d\n", p[0]);//1
}
int a[5][5];
int(*p)[5];
p = a;
printf("%#p\n", &a[4][2]);//0X007FFA34
printf("%#p\n", &p[4][2]);//0X007FFA24
printf("%d\n", &p[4][2]-&a[4][2]);//-4
printf("%p\n", &p[4][2]-&a[4][2]);//FFFFFFFC
char *c[] = { "ENTER","NEW","POINT","FIRST" };
char **cp[] = { c + 3,c + 2,c + 1,c };
char***cpp = cp;
printf("%s\n", **++cpp);//POINT
printf("%s\n", *--*++cpp+3);//ER
printf("%s\n", *cpp[-2]+3);//ST
printf("%s\n",cpp[-1][-1]+1);//EW
指针与数组相遇时,一定要画图。