Deepin环境安装配置(c++VScode+opencv+QT+python)

Deepin环境安装配置(c++VScode+opencv+QT+python)

Excerpt

一、 工具准备篇

1. .deb安装

sudo dpkg -i ***.deb

2. install vim/gedit 文本编辑器

sudo apt-get install vim

sudo apt-get install gedit

3. 更换apt国内源

# 备份原来的源

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources_init.list

# 更换源 也可使用图形界面配置:系统设置 -> 软件和更新 选择下载服务器 -> “mirrors.aliyun.com”

sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list

将以下国内源复制进文档:

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse

# 更新源

sudo apt-get update

#更新软件

sudo apt-get upgrade

4. 将系统自带python3链接到python

# 将系统自带的python3链接到python

sudo ln -s /usr/bin/python3.8 /usr/bin/python

5. 安装pip3

# 安装pip

sudo apt-get install python3-pip # 输入pip3 -V查看pip3的版本

# 更新pip3

sudo pip3 install --upgrade pip

# 将pip3链接到pip,可直接用pip命令

sudo ln -s /usr/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip

解决pip下载慢的问题

方法1:可以在使用pip的时候在后面加上-i参数,指定pip源

pip install scrapy -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

方法2:更换pip国内源

#创建pip文件夹

cd .config

sudo mkdir pip

cd pip

#创建pip.cong文件

sudo touch pip.conf

#编辑pip.conf文件

sudo vim pip.conf

在pip.conf文件中添加清华大学的pypi镜像,要是想用其他的镜像,替换成相应的地址即可。

[global]

index-url = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

进入boot模式(sudo su),直接复制到终端运行

apt-get install python3-pipln -s /usr/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pipmkdir ~/.config/pip(echo "[global]timeout=6index-url=https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simpleextra-index-url=    https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple"echo "[install]trusted-host=    pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn    mirrors.aliyun.com") >> ~/.config/pip/pip.confpip3 install --upgrade pip

二、 VScode开发环境

1. 下载VScode

参考:https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/112215618

首先在官网找到需要下载的文件,点击下载。

在浏览器或者下载软件中就可以看到这么一个下载地址了,将其复制下来(如下图箭头所指)。

然后将红框内的部分更换为如下内容:vscode.cdn.azure.cn <--------就是左边这个

更新后的地址为:https://vscode.cdn.azure.cn/stable/ea3859d4ba2f3e577a159bc91e3074c5d85c0523/code_1.52.1-1608136922_amd64.deb

安装.deb

sudo dpkg -i code_1.52.1-1608136922_amd64.deb

2. 安装依赖、插件

安装依赖包:

sudo apt-get install gcc g++ gdb

安装VScode插件:

1.C/C++  
2.Code Runner  
3.Run in Terminal

三、安装OpenCV

参考:https://blog.csdn.net/WJ_SHI/article/details/107605439

1. 下载opencv源码 https://opencv.org/ eg: opencv-4.5.1.zip

2. 安装依赖

libjasper-dev包无法定位,增加库并更新atp

sudo add-apt-repository “deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main”

sudo apt-get update

# 安装opencv依赖

sudo apt-get install build-essential libgtk2.0-dev libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libjpeg-dev libtiff-dev libswscale-dev libpng-dev libjasper-dev

3. 安装opencv

# install cmake 工具

sudo apt-get install cmake

# 解压.zip,将解压后文件移动到/opt目录下

cd /*** # 下载的opencv-4.5.1.zip文件所在目录

unzip opencv-4.5.1.zip

sudo mv opencv-4.5.1 /opt

cd /opt/opencv-4.5.1

sudo mkdir build

cd build

sudo cmake …

sudo make

sudo make install

注意:最后所有文件将被安装到目录“/usr/local/”下面。

4. 修改环境变量配置

安装完成后,手动创建opencv.pc:

cd /usr/local/lib

sudo mkdir pkgconfig && cd pkgconfig

sudo gedit opencv.pc

然后添加:

prefix=/usr/local
exec_prefix=${prefix}
includedir=/usr/local/include
libdir=/usr/local/lib

Name: OpenCV
Description: Open Source Computer Vision Library
Version: 4.6.0
Libs: -L e x e c _ p r e f i x / l i b − l o p e n c v _ s t i t c h i n g − l o p e n c v _ s u p e r r e s − l o p e n c v _ v i d e o s t a b − l o p e n c v _ a r u c o − l o p e n c v _ b g s e g m − l o p e n c v _ b i o i n s p i r e d − l o p e n c v _ c c a l i b − l o p e n c v _ d n n _ o b j d e t e c t − l o p e n c v _ d p m − l o p e n c v _ f a c e − l o p e n c v _ p h o t o − l o p e n c v _ f r e e t y p e − l o p e n c v _ f u z z y − l o p e n c v _ h d f − l o p e n c v _ h f s − l o p e n c v _ i m g _ h a s h − l o p e n c v _ l i n e _ d e s c r i p t o r − l o p e n c v _ o p t f l o w − l o p e n c v _ r e g − l o p e n c v _ r g b d − l o p e n c v _ s a l i e n c y − l o p e n c v _ s t e r e o − l o p e n c v _ s t r u c t u r e d _ l i g h t − l o p e n c v _ p h a s e _ u n w r a p p i n g − l o p e n c v _ s u r f a c e _ m a t c h i n g − l o p e n c v _ t r a c k i n g − l o p e n c v _ d a t a s e t s − l o p e n c v _ t e x t − l o p e n c v _ d n n − l o p e n c v _ p l o t − l o p e n c v _ x f e a t u r e s 2 d − l o p e n c v _ s h a p e − l o p e n c v _ v i d e o − l o p e n c v _ m l − l o p e n c v _ x i m g p r o c − l o p e n c v _ c a l i b 3 d − l o p e n c v _ f e a t u r e s 2 d − l o p e n c v _ h i g h g u i − l o p e n c v _ v i d e o i o − l o p e n c v _ f l a n n − l o p e n c v _ x o b j d e t e c t − l o p e n c v _ i m g c o d e c s − l o p e n c v _ o b j d e t e c t − l o p e n c v _ x p h o t o − l o p e n c v _ i m g p r o c − l o p e n c v _ c o r e L i b s . p r i v a t e : − l d l − l m − l p t h r e a d − l r t C f l a g s : − I {exec\_prefix}/lib -lopencv\_stitching -lopencv\_superres -lopencv\_videostab -lopencv\_aruco -lopencv\_bgsegm -lopencv\_bioinspired -lopencv\_ccalib -lopencv\_dnn\_objdetect -lopencv\_dpm -lopencv\_face -lopencv\_photo -lopencv\_freetype -lopencv\_fuzzy -lopencv\_hdf -lopencv\_hfs -lopencv\_img\_hash -lopencv\_line\_descriptor -lopencv\_optflow -lopencv\_reg -lopencv\_rgbd -lopencv\_saliency -lopencv\_stereo -lopencv\_structured\_light -lopencv\_phase\_unwrapping -lopencv\_surface\_matching -lopencv\_tracking -lopencv\_datasets -lopencv\_text -lopencv\_dnn -lopencv\_plot -lopencv\_xfeatures2d -lopencv\_shape -lopencv\_video -lopencv\_ml -lopencv\_ximgproc -lopencv\_calib3d -lopencv\_features2d -lopencv\_highgui -lopencv\_videoio -lopencv\_flann -lopencv\_xobjdetect -lopencv\_imgcodecs -lopencv\_objdetect -lopencv\_xphoto -lopencv\_imgproc -lopencv\_core Libs.private: -ldl -lm -lpthread -lrt Cflags: -I exec_prefix/liblopencv_stitchinglopencv_superreslopencv_videostablopencv_arucolopencv_bgsegmlopencv_bioinspiredlopencv_ccaliblopencv_dnn_objdetectlopencv_dpmlopencv_facelopencv_photolopencv_freetypelopencv_fuzzylopencv_hdflopencv_hfslopencv_img_hashlopencv_line_descriptorlopencv_optflowlopencv_reglopencv_rgbdlopencv_saliencylopencv_stereolopencv_structured_lightlopencv_phase_unwrappinglopencv_surface_matchinglopencv_trackinglopencv_datasetslopencv_textlopencv_dnnlopencv_plotlopencv_xfeatures2dlopencv_shapelopencv_videolopencv_mllopencv_ximgproclopencv_calib3dlopencv_features2dlopencv_highguilopencv_videoiolopencv_flannlopencv_xobjdetectlopencv_imgcodecslopencv_objdetectlopencv_xphotolopencv_imgproclopencv_coreLibs.private:ldllmlpthreadlrtCflags:I{includedir}

更改环境变量,输入命令:

sudo gedit /etc/bash.bashrc

打开之后,在文件最后面添加以下内容:

export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig:$PKG_CONFIG_PATH

保存退出,opencv基本上就安装完成了。通过 pkg-config 查看 opencv 版本:

pkg-config --modversion opencv

在bash.bashrc文件末尾加上

PKG_CONFIG=$PKG_CONFIG_PATH:/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig

export PKG_CONFIG_PATH

保存后退出,执行以下指令测试opencv配置成功:

ldconfig -p | grep opencv

5. python 链接opencv

pip install opencv-python

进行python测试,如下:

$ python
Python 3.8.5 (default, Jul 28 2020, 12:59:40)
[GCC 9.3.0] on linux
Type “help”, “copyright”, “credits” or “license” for more information.
>>> import cv2
>>> print(cv2.__version__)
4.5.1

四、安装QT

4.1

1. 1 安装依赖库

sudo apt-get install g++

sudo apt-get install libx11-dev libxext-dev libxtst-dev

sudo apt-get install xlibmesa-gl-dev libglu1-mesa-dev

1.2 QT的安装

Qt换源安装
sudo chmod -R 777 qt-unified-linux-x64-4.5.1-online.run
./qt-unified-linux-x64-4.5.1-online.run --mirror https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/qt

以安装qt5.9.8为例

在linux上安装qt 5.9.8 安装步骤:

第一步:去官网下载qt安装包
http://download.qt.io/archive/qt/

安装需要的qt版本,我安装的是qt 5.9.8

然后将安装好的安装包共享给Ubuntu,并且进入到安装包的目录下

第二步:开始安装qt

①输入命令:
“sudo chmod -R 777 qt****-opensource-linux-x64-5.9.8.run”,赋予安装包权限。****


输入命令“ “sudo ./qt-opensource-linux-x64-5.9.8.run”


进行qt安装,默认会将qt安装在/opt下


根据弹出的窗口,根据提示,一直点击 next就可以了,然后点击 skip,之后继续点击 next,

直到这一步,如图,将所有选项都打“√”,点击 next就可以了,接下来等待等待安装;

第三步:
配置 Qt 环境

Qt 安装完成后,先不要打开,因为还需要安装其他工具以及库文件。

①输入命令“sudo apt-get install libqt4-dev”,不然编译时会出现“cannot find -lgl”错误。

输入命令“sudo apt-get install build-essential”,这是一个编译工具,它可以使得我们的程序知道头文件和库函数放在哪个位置


打开 Qt,即在终端,输入命令“cd /opt/Qt5.9.8/Tools/QtCreator/bin”,即,使用 cd 命令进入你的 Qt 安装目录(以上命令针对 Qt 安装在 opt目录下

最后使用命令“./qtcreator”打开 Qt****。****

然后就会打开qt

1.3 QT的配置

项目文件.pro中加入:

INCLUDEPATH +=  /usr/local/includel\
                /usr/local/include/opencv4\
                /usr/local/include/opencv4/opencv2

LIBS += /usr/local/lib/libopencv_highgui.so \
        /usr/local/lib/libopencv_highgui.so.4.7.0 \
        /usr/local/lib/libopencv_core.so\
        /usr/local/lib/libopencv_imgproc.so \
        /usr/local/lib/libopencv_imgcodecs.so

五、安装更高版本python

1、安装前准备
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade
2、安装必需的依赖
sudo apt install make build-essential libssl-dev zlib1g-dev
sudo apt install libbz2-dev libreadline-dev libsqlite3-dev wget curl llvm
sudo apt install libncurses5-dev libncursesw5-dev xz-utils tk-dev
3、下载 python3.10.7 包

我是 普通用户在/opt 编译安装的

 cd /opt
 sudo wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.10.7/Python-3.10.7.tgz
4、解压
sudo tar -zxvf Python-3.10.7.tgz
5、编译
cd Python-3.10.7
sudo ./configure prefix=/usr/local/python3 --with-openssl=/usr  --with-http_ssl_module  --enable-optimizations

sudo make 
sudo make install
  • 注:将python的环境编译到/usr/bin/python3的目录下,默认和python2一个目录下;如需编译到指定自定义目录,可添加 –prefix=/usr/local/python3指定
6、创建软连接
sudo ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3
7、安装Pip3
cd /opt
sudo wget https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/p/pip/pip-22.2.2.tar.gz

# 解压
sudo tar -zxvf pip-22.2.2.tar.gz
# 安装
cd pip-22.2.2
sudo python3 setup.py build
sudo python3 setup.py install

# 添加到软连接
sudo ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3
8、pip3 配置

设置安装源:

pip3 config global.index-url=https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/

pip 通用配置

Windows: ~/pip/pip.ini
Linux: ~/.pip/pip.conf

[global]
#index-url = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/
index-url = http://pypi.douban.com/simple/
#index-url = http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
#index-url = http://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/

[install]
# trusted-host = pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
trusted-host = pypi.douban.com
#trusted-host = mirrors.aliyun.com
#trusted-host = pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
9、测试
python3 -V
pip3 -V

#升级 pip
python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip

至此,Python3已安装完成!!!

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