四、netty源码分析之ServerBootstrap

一、功能概述

前两篇我们分别介绍了EventLoopGroup和EventLoop在netty中的作用。但是仅仅知道这些，可能对netty如何完成一整个网络事件监控到任务分发处理还是有些模糊。本篇我们要分析一下netty的启动流程。在我们使用netty编程的时候，我们的使用ServerBootstrap和Bootstrap来实现服务端和客户端的启动。我们先来看一下这两个类的相关类图：

netty定义了抽象类AbstractBootstrap，然后在此基础上实现了ServerBootstrap和Bootstrap分别作为服务端和客户端的启动类。本篇，我们以ServerBootstrap为例，分析一下服务端的启动流程。

我们根据下面的测试代码分析一下具体的流程，这也是我们创建netty服务端的基本流程：

        EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); // (1)
        EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        try {
            ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap(); // (2)
            b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup)
             .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class) // (3)
             .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() { // (4)
                 @Override
                 public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
                     ch.pipeline().addLast(new DiscardServerHandler());
                 }
             })
             .option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 128)          // (5)
             .childOption(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true); // (6)
    
            // Bind and start to accept incoming connections.
            ChannelFuture f = b.bind(port).sync(); // (7)
    
            // Wait until the server socket is closed.
            // In this example, this does not happen, but you can do that to gracefully
            // shut down your server.
            f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        } finally {.
            workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
            bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
        }

二、ServerBootstrap启动的过程

我们看一下上面测试代码的内容，先是创建了两个EventLoopGroup的对象，bossGroup、workerGroup。然后又创建了一个ServerBootstrap对象，将这两个EventLoopGroup注册到ServerBootstrap中，然后设置一系列的参数，这些方法其实都是简单地设置ServerBootstrap的一些属性。设置完这些属性调用bind()方法实现端口的绑定，也就是整个netty服务端启动的核心过程。我们来分析一下bind()方法的的过程：

    public ChannelFuture bind() {
        validate();
        SocketAddress localAddress = this.localAddress;
        if (localAddress == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("localAddress not set");
        }
        return doBind(localAddress);
    }

    private ChannelFuture doBind(final SocketAddress localAddress) {
        final ChannelFuture regFuture = initAndRegister();
        final Channel channel = regFuture.channel();
        if (regFuture.cause() != null) {
            return regFuture;
        }

        if (regFuture.isDone()) {
            // At this point we know that the registration was complete and successful.
            ChannelPromise promise = channel.newPromise();
            doBind0(regFuture, channel, localAddress, promise);
            return promise;
        } else {
            // Registration future is almost always fulfilled already, but just in case it's not.
            final PendingRegistrationPromise promise = new PendingRegistrationPromise(channel);
            regFuture.addListener(new ChannelFutureListener() {
                @Override
                public void operationComplete(ChannelFuture future) throws Exception {
                    Throwable cause = future.cause();
                    if (cause != null) {
                        // Registration on the EventLoop failed so fail the ChannelPromise directly to not cause an
                        // IllegalStateException once we try to access the EventLoop of the Channel.
                        promise.setFailure(cause);
                    } else {
                        // Registration was successful, so set the correct executor to use.
                        // See https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/2586
                        promise.registered();

                        doBind0(regFuture, channel, localAddress, promise);
                    }
                }
            });
            return promise;
        }
    }