常用的方法有:
1.使用内存映射文件
2.通过共享内存DLL共享内存
3.使用SendMessage向另一进程发送WM_COPYDATA消息.
比起前两种的复杂实现来,WM_COPYDATA消息无疑是一种经济实惠的一中方法.（ZT）
WM_COPYDATA消息的主要目的是允许在进程间传递只读数据。Windows在通过WM_COPYDATA消息传递期间，不提供继承同步方式。SDK文档推荐用户使用SendMessage函数，接受方在数据拷贝完成前不返回，这样发送方就不可能删除和修改数据：
这个函数的原型及其要用到的结构如下:
SendMessage(hwnd,WM_COPYDATA,wParam,lParam);
其中,WM_COPYDATA对应的十六进制数为0x004A
wParam设置为包含数据的窗口的句柄。lParam指向一个COPYDATASTRUCT的结构：
typedef struct tagCOPYDATASTRUCT{
DWORD dwData;//用户定义数据
DWORD cbData;//数据大小
PVOID lpData;//指向数据的指针
}COPYDATASTRUCT;
该结构用来定义用户数据。
具体过程如下:
首先,在发送方,用FindWindow找到接受方的句柄,然后向接受方发送WM_COPYDATA消息.
接受方在DefWndProc事件中,来处理这条消息.由于中文编码是两个字节,所以传递中文时候字节长度要搞清楚.
体代码如下:
//---------------------------------------------------
//发送方:
using System;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Collections;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Data;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
namespace WinFormSendMsg
{
public class Form1 : System.Windows.Forms.Form
{
private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox textBox1;
private System.Windows.Forms.Button button1;
private System.ComponentModel.Container components = null;
const int WM_COPYDATA = 0x004A;
public Form1()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
protected override void Dispose( bool disposing )
{
if( disposing )
{
if (components != null)
{
components.Dispose();
}
}
base.Dispose( disposing );
}
private void InitializeComponent()
{
this.textBox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
this.button1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
this.SuspendLayout();
//
// textBox1
//
this.textBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(184, 24);
this.textBox1.Name = "textBox1";
this.textBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(128, 21);
this.textBox1.TabIndex = 0;
this.textBox1.Text = "textBox1";
//
// button1
//
this.button1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(344, 16);
this.button1.Name = "button1";
this.button1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(112, 32);
this.button1.TabIndex = 1;
this.button1.Text = "button1";
this.button1.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.button1_Click);
//
// Form1
//
this.AutoScaleBaseSize = new System.Drawing.Size(6, 14);
this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(536, 142);
this.Controls.AddRange(new System.Windows.Forms.Control[] {
this.button1,
this.textBox1});
this.Name = "Form1";
this.Text = "发送方窗体";
this.ResumeLayout(false);
}
static void Main()
{
Application.Run(new Form1());
}
[DllImport("User32.dll",EntryPoint="SendMessage")]
private static extern int SendMessage(
int hWnd, // handle to destination window
int Msg, // message
int wParam, // first message parameter
ref COPYDATASTRUCT lParam // second message parameter
);
[DllImport("User32.dll",EntryPoint="FindWindow")]
private static extern int FindWindow(string lpClassName,string
lpWindowName);
private void button1_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
int WINDOW_HANDLER = FindWindow(null,@"接收方窗体");
if(WINDOW_HANDLER == 0)
{
}
else
{
byte[] sarr = System.Text.Encoding.Default.GetBytes(this.textBox1.Text);
int len = sarr.Length;
COPYDATASTRUCT cds;
cds.dwData = (IntPtr) 100;
cds.lpData = this.textBox1.Text;
cds.cbData = len + 1;
SendMessage(WINDOW_HANDLER, WM_COPYDATA, 0, ref cds);
}
}
}
public struct COPYDATASTRUCT
{
public IntPtr dwData;
public int cbData;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)] public string lpData;
}
}
//---------------------------------------------------
//接受方
//---------------------------------------------------
using System;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Collections;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Data;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
namespace WindowsFormGetMsg
{
public class Form1 : System.Windows.Forms.Form
{
private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox textBox1;
private System.ComponentModel.Container components = null;
const int WM_COPYDATA = 0x004A;
public Form1()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
protected override void Dispose( bool disposing )
{
if( disposing )
{
if (components != null)
{
components.Dispose();
}
}
base.Dispose( disposing );
}
private void InitializeComponent()
{
this.textBox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
this.SuspendLayout();
//
// textBox1
//
this.textBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(176, 32);
this.textBox1.Name = "textBox1";
this.textBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(160, 21);
this.textBox1.TabIndex = 0;
this.textBox1.Text = "textBox1";
//
// Form1
//
this.AutoScaleBaseSize = new System.Drawing.Size(6, 14);
this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(432, 266);
this.Controls.AddRange(new System.Windows.Forms.Control[] {
this.textBox1});
this.Name = "Form1";
this.Text = "接收方窗体";
this.ResumeLayout(false);
}
static void Main()
{
Application.Run(new Form1());
}
protected override void DefWndProc(ref System.Windows.Forms.Message m)
{
switch(m.Msg)
{
case WM_COPYDATA:
COPYDATASTRUCT mystr = new COPYDATASTRUCT();
Type mytype = mystr.GetType();
mystr =(COPYDATASTRUCT)m.GetLParam(mytype);
this.textBox1.Text =mystr.lpData;
break;
default:
base.DefWndProc(ref m);
break;
}
}
}
public struct COPYDATASTRUCT
{
public IntPtr dwData;
public int cbData;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)] public string lpData;
这篇文章早就想发了，可是一直没有时间整理，今天总算发上来了。
上次发了利用发消息实现的C#进程间的通讯，这次又使用共享内存了，他们应用范围是不同的，共享内存适用于共享大量数据的情况。
本文章利用了前面的一篇.net 1.1 下实现的信号量的类，在.net 1.1 下实现，如果在.net 2.0 下实现的话就用不到我的那个信号量的类了，因为这个类在.net 2.0是提供的。
【全文】
首先还是定义非托管调用，如下：
const int INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE = - 1 ;
const int PAGE_READWRITE = 0x04 ;
//共享内存
[ DllImport ( "Kernel32.dll" , EntryPoint = "CreateFileMapping" )]
private static extern IntPtr CreateFileMapping ( IntPtr hFile , //HANDLE hFile,
UInt32 lpAttributes , //LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpAttributes, //0
UInt32 flProtect , //DWORD flProtect
UInt32 dwMaximumSizeHigh , //DWORD dwMaximumSizeHigh,
UInt32 dwMaximumSizeLow , //DWORD dwMaximumSizeLow,
string lpName //LPCTSTR lpName
);
[ DllImport ( "Kernel32.dll" , EntryPoint = "OpenFileMapping" )]
private static extern IntPtr OpenFileMapping (
UInt32 dwDesiredAccess , //DWORD dwDesiredAccess,
int bInheritHandle , //BOOL bInheritHandle,
string lpName //LPCTSTR lpName
);
const int FILE_MAP_ALL_ACCESS = 0x0002 ;
const int FILE_MAP_WRITE = 0x0002 ;
[ DllImport ( "Kernel32.dll" , EntryPoint = "MapViewOfFile" )]
private static extern IntPtr MapViewOfFile (
IntPtr hFileMappingObject , //HANDLE hFileMappingObject,
UInt32 dwDesiredAccess , //DWORD dwDesiredAccess
UInt32 dwFileOffsetHight , //DWORD dwFileOffsetHigh,
UInt32 dwFileOffsetLow , //DWORD dwFileOffsetLow,
UInt32 dwNumberOfBytesToMap //SIZE_T dwNumberOfBytesToMap
);
[ DllImport ( "Kernel32.dll" , EntryPoint = "UnmapViewOfFile" )]
private static extern int UnmapViewOfFile ( IntPtr lpBaseAddress );
[ DllImport ( "Kernel32.dll" , EntryPoint = "CloseHandle" )]
private static extern int CloseHandle ( IntPtr hObject );
private Semaphore m_Read ; //可读的信号
private IntPtr handle ; //文件句柄
private IntPtr addr ; //共享内存地址
uint mapLength ; //共享内存长
定义这两个信号量是为读写互斥用的。
在A进程中创建共享内存：
m_Read = new Semaphore ( 0 , 1 , "ReadMap" );
mapLength = 1024 ;
IntPtr hFile = new IntPtr ( INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE );
handle = CreateFileMapping ( hFile , 0 , PAGE_READWRITE , 0 , mapLength , "shareMemory" );
addr = MapViewOfFile ( handle , FILE_MAP_ALL_ACCESS , 0 , 0 , 0 );
然后再向共享内存中写入数据：
byte [] sendStr = Encoding . Default . GetBytes ( txtMsg . Text + '/0' );
//如果要是超长的话，应另外处理，最好是分配足够的内存
if ( sendStr . Length < mapLength )
Copy ( sendStr , addr );
m_Read . Release ();
这是在一个单独的方法中实现的，可多次调用，但受信号量的控制。其中txtMsg是一个文本框控件，实际中可用任意字符串，加最后的'/0'是为了让在共享内存中的字符串有一个结束符，否则在内存中取出时是以'/0'为准的，就会出现取多的情况。
Copy方法的实现如下：
{
fixed ( byte * pSrc = byteSrc )
{
byte * pDst = ( byte *) dst ;
byte * psrc = pSrc ;
for ( int i = 0 ; i < byteSrc . Length ; i ++)
{
* pDst = * psrc ;
pDst ++;
psrc ++;
}
}
}
最后不要忘了在A进程中关闭共享内存对象，以免内存泄露。
CloseHandle ( handle );
要在B进程中读取共享内存中的数据，首先要打开共享内存对象：
m_Read = Semaphore . OpenExisting ( "ReadMap" );
handle = OpenFileMapping ( 0x0002 , 0 , "shareMemory" );
string str = MapViewOfFile ( handle , FILE_MAP_ALL_ACCESS , 0 , 0 , 0 );
txtMsg . Text = str ;
m_Write . Release ();
使用微软消息队列实现C#进程间通信
http://tech.ddvip.com/2007-11/119554606737754.html
在.NET中使用命名管道完成进程间通信
http://www.hackhome.com/InfoView/Article_121029_2.html
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