走马观花看ubuntu core 20

在树莓派4上安装了ubuntu core 20, 走马观花看看文件目录

scp看到的根文件系统如下

最明显的是多了一个snap. 这里是安装的snap包。包括如下子目录

• /snap/bin - Symlinks to snap applications.
• /snap// - Mountpoint for snap content.
• /snap//current - Symlink to current revision, if enabled.

ssh登陆看到的snap list 如下

对应的snap 目录如下

ubuntu core 由4 类snap 构成，gadget snap， kernel snap ， core snap ， app snaps。

• gadget snap 是包含了uboot image，系统镜像的布局，IO 接口的权限，系统的默认属性设定（usb 自动挂载属性等），gadget snap 描述了这个设备几乎所有的属性。
• kernel snap 包含kernel & ubuntu core 所需要的initrd 的snap。
• core snap 包含ubuntu core rootfs 的snap 包
• app snap 关于包含app 的snap。

gadget snap

pi 是gadget snap. gadget snap负责定义和配置特定于一个或多个设备的系统属性。
gadget元数据和内容定义包括:

• 设备存储和映像的“Volume”的布局
• 配置bootloader。gadget还附带引导加载程序本身和其他引导资产。
• 安装snap时使用的默认配置选项。
• 在connections中配置的接口: 连接只在设备的第一次启动时执行。稍后对本节的更改(即在运行时通过gadget刷新添加到设备的更改)不会应用。
• 可选钩子被调用来控制和定制设备生命周期的行为，例如安装，初始化和建立设备标识，工厂重置。

打开pi目录

gadget.yaml 如下。
可以看到，gadget snap 中包含了uboot 镜像，以及生成的sdcard 镜像的分区定义，以及分区的放置内容， 设备接口的访问权限… 等功能

volumes:
  pi:
    schema: mbr
    bootloader: u-boot
    structure:
      - name: ubuntu-seed
        role: system-seed
        filesystem: vfat
        type: 0C
        size: 1200M
        content:
          - source: $kernel:dtbs/dtbs/
            target: /
          - source: boot-assets/
            target: /
      - name: ubuntu-boot
        role: system-boot
        filesystem: vfat
        type: 0C
        # whats the appropriate size?
        size: 750M
        content:
          # TODO:UC20: install the boot.sel via snapd instead of via the gadget
          - source: boot.sel
            target: uboot/ubuntu/boot.sel
      # NOTE: ubuntu-save is optional for unencrypted devices like the pi, so
      # this structure can be dropped in favor of a different partition for
      # users who wish to instead use a different partition, since with MBR we
      # are limited to only 4 primary partitions.
      # TODO: look into switching over to GPT, the pi bootloader firmware now
      #       has support for this
      - name: ubuntu-save
        role: system-save
        filesystem: ext4
        type: 83,0FC63DAF-8483-4772-8E79-3D69D8477DE4
        size: 16M
      - name: ubuntu-data
        role: system-data
        filesystem: ext4
        type: 83,0FC63DAF-8483-4772-8E79-3D69D8477DE4
        # XXX: make auto-grow to partition
        size: 1500M

snapcraft.yaml

name: pi
version: 20-1
summary: Raspberry Pi gadget
description: |
  Support files for booting Raspberry Pi.
  This gadget snap supports the Raspberry Pi 2B, 3B, 3A+, 3B+, 4B, Compute
  Module 3, and the Compute Module 3+ universally.
type: gadget
base: core20
assumes: [kernel-assets]
architectures:
  - build-on: [amd64, armhf]
    run-on: armhf


confinement: strict
grade: stable
parts:
  add-ppa:
    plugin: nil
    build-packages:
      - software-properties-common
    override-pull: |
      sudo add-apt-repository --yes ppa:snappy-dev/image
      sudo apt update
  gadget:
    after: [add-ppa]
    plugin: nil
    source: .
    override-build: |
      set -x
      # unconditionally set the arch-triplet since this snapcraft.yaml will
      # always be used to produce an armhf snap
      BUILD_ARCH_TRIPLET=arm-linux-gnueabihf


      OPTIONAL_ARGS="SOURCES_HOST=\"./helpers/cross-sources.list\" SOURCES_D_HOST=\"./helpers\""
      make -C $SNAPCRAFT_PART_SRC core \
        DESTDIR=${SNAPCRAFT_PART_INSTALL} \
        ARCH="$(dpkg-architecture -t $BUILD_ARCH_TRIPLET -q DEB_HOST_ARCH)" \
        ${OPTIONAL_ARGS:-}
    prime:
      - boot-assets/*
      - uboot.conf
      - boot.sel
    build-packages:
      - u-boot-tools
      - lsb-release
      - dpkg-dev
      - make
  psplash-local:
    after: [add-ppa]
    plugin: dump
    prime: [-*]
    source: .
    stage: [psplash]
  psplash:
    after: [psplash-local]
    source: git://git.yoctoproject.org/psplash
    source-commit: 2015f7073e98dd9562db0936a254af5ef56356cf
    plugin: nil
    override-build: |
      set -x
      if [ "$SNAPCRAFT_ARCH_TRIPLET" = "x86_64-linux-gnu" ] || [ -z "$SNAPCRAFT_ARCH_TRIPLET" ]; then
        # manually set since new snapcraft doesn't like --target-arch when
        # building with lxd/multipass
        BUILD_ARCH_TRIPLET=arm-linux-gnueabihf
      else
        BUILD_ARCH_TRIPLET=$SNAPCRAFT_ARCH_TRIPLET
      fi
      export TREE="${SNAPCRAFT_STAGE:-.}/psplash"
      . ${TREE}/config
      if ! $(echo "$FONT" | grep -q ^/); then
        FONT="${TREE}/${FONT}"
      fi
      if ! $(echo "$SPLASH" | grep -q ^/); then
        SPLASH="${TREE}/${SPLASH}"
      fi
      git apply ${TREE}/psplash.patch
      ${TREE}/font-gen.sh "$FONT"
      ./make-image-header.sh "$SPLASH" CORE psplash-core
      aclocal
      autoreconf --install
      if ! dpkg-architecture -t "${SNAPCRAFT_ARCH_TRIPLET}" -e \
          $(dpkg-architecture -q DEB_BUILD_ARCH)
      then
        export CROSS_COMPILE=$(dpkg-architecture \
          -t "${BUILD_ARCH_TRIPLET}" -q DEB_HOST_GNU_TYPE)-
      else
        export CROSS_COMPILE=
      fi
      ./configure --build=$(dpkg-architecture -q DEB_BUILD_GNU_TYPE) \
        --host=${BUILD_ARCH_TRIPLET} CC=${CROSS_COMPILE}gcc || cat config.log
      ARCH=$(dpkg-architecture -t "${BUILD_ARCH_TRIPLET}" -q DEB_HOST_ARCH) make
      rm -rf $SNAPCRAFT_PART_INSTALL/usr
      cp -a $TREE/initrd .
      mkdir -p initrd/bin
      cp psplash initrd/bin
      mkdir -p $SNAPCRAFT_PART_INSTALL/boot-assets
      cd initrd && find . | cpio --quiet -o -H newc | lz4 -9 -l >> \
        "${SNAPCRAFT_PART_INSTALL}/boot-assets/psplash.img"
    build-packages:
      - libgdk-pixbuf2.0-dev
      - automake
      - autoconf
      - gcc
      - otf2bdf
      - libbogl-dev
      - ttf-ubuntu-font-family
      - cpio
      - findutils
      - liblz4-tool
      - libc-dev
      - try:
          - gcc-aarch64-linux-gnu:amd64
          - libc6-dev-armhf-cross:amd64


slots:
  bcm-gpio-0:
    interface: gpio
    number: 0
  bcm-gpio-1:
    interface: gpio
    number: 1
  bcm-gpio-2:
    interface: gpio
    number: 2
  bcm-gpio-3:
    interface: gpio
    number: 3
  bcm-gpio-4:
    interface: gpio
    number: 4
  bcm-gpio-5:
    interface: gpio
    number: 5
  bcm-gpio-6:
    interface: gpio
    number: 6
  bcm-gpio-7:
    interface: gpio
    number: 7
  bcm-gpio-8:
    interface: gpio
    number: 8
  bcm-gpio-9:
    interface: gpio
    number: 9
  bcm-gpio-10:
    interface: gpio
    number: 10
  bcm-gpio-11:
    interface: gpio
    number: 11
  bcm-gpio-12:
    interface: gpio
    number: 12
  bcm-gpio-13:
    interface: gpio
    number: 13
  bcm-gpio-14:
    interface: gpio
    number: 14
  bcm-gpio-15:
    interface: gpio
    number: 15
  bcm-gpio-16:
    interface: gpio
    number: 16
  bcm-gpio-17:
    interface: gpio
    number: 17
  bcm-gpio-18:
    interface: gpio
    number: 18
  bcm-gpio-19:
    interface: gpio
    number: 19
  bcm-gpio-20:
    interface: gpio
    number: 20
  bcm-gpio-21:
    interface: gpio
    number: 21
  bcm-gpio-22:
    interface: gpio
    number: 22
  bcm-gpio-23:
    interface: gpio
    number: 23
  bcm-gpio-24:
    interface: gpio
    number: 24
  bcm-gpio-25:
    interface: gpio
    number: 25
  bcm-gpio-26:
    interface: gpio
    number: 26
  bcm-gpio-27:
    interface: gpio
    number: 27
  i2c-0:
    interface: i2c
    path: /dev/i2c-0
  i2c-1:
    interface: i2c
    path: /dev/i2c-1
  i2c-2:
    interface: i2c
    path: /dev/i2c-2
  bt-serial:
    interface: serial-port
    path: /dev/ttyAMA0
  spidev0:
    interface: spi
    path: /dev/spidev0.0
  spidev1:
    interface: spi
    path: /dev/spidev0.1

snap.yaml
每个snap包都包含一个元/快照。保存快照的基本元数据的Yaml文件。
请注意这一重要区别:

• snap.yaml存在于每个snap包中，通过snapd读取
• snapcraft.yaml包含创建snap包的指令，由用于构建snap的snapcraft命令读取
  snap.yaml支持的大部分元数据是可选的。事实上，最简单的snap.yaml可以包含以下内容:

name: simplest
version: 1.0

pi gadget 的snap.yaml 如下

name: pi
version: 20-1
summary: Raspberry Pi gadget
description: |
  Support files for booting Raspberry Pi.
  This gadget snap supports the Raspberry Pi 2B, 3B, 3A+, 3B+, 4B, Compute
  Module 3, and the Compute Module 3+ universally.
architectures:
- armhf
assumes:
- kernel-assets
base: core20
confinement: strict
grade: stable
slots:
  bcm-gpio-0:
    interface: gpio
    number: 0
  bcm-gpio-1:
    interface: gpio
    number: 1
  bcm-gpio-10:
    interface: gpio
    number: 10
  bcm-gpio-11:
    interface: gpio
    number: 11
  bcm-gpio-12:
    interface: gpio
    number: 12
  bcm-gpio-13:
    interface: gpio
    number: 13
  bcm-gpio-14:
    interface: gpio
    number: 14
  bcm-gpio-15:
    interface: gpio
    number: 15
  bcm-gpio-16:
    interface: gpio
    number: 16
  bcm-gpio-17:
    interface: gpio
    number: 17
  bcm-gpio-18:
    interface: gpio
    number: 18
  bcm-gpio-19:
    interface: gpio
    number: 19
  bcm-gpio-2:
    interface: gpio
    number: 2
  bcm-gpio-20:
    interface: gpio
    number: 20
  bcm-gpio-21:
    interface: gpio
    number: 21
  bcm-gpio-22:
    interface: gpio
    number: 22
  bcm-gpio-23:
    interface: gpio
    number: 23
  bcm-gpio-24:
    interface: gpio
    number: 24
  bcm-gpio-25:
    interface: gpio
    number: 25
  bcm-gpio-26:
    interface: gpio
    number: 26
  bcm-gpio-27:
    interface: gpio
    number: 27
  bcm-gpio-3:
    interface: gpio
    number: 3
  bcm-gpio-4:
    interface: gpio
    number: 4
  bcm-gpio-5:
    interface: gpio
    number: 5
  bcm-gpio-6:
    interface: gpio
    number: 6
  bcm-gpio-7:
    interface: gpio
    number: 7
  bcm-gpio-8:
    interface: gpio
    number: 8
  bcm-gpio-9:
    interface: gpio
    number: 9
  bt-serial:
    interface: serial-port
    path: /dev/ttyAMA0
  i2c-0:
    interface: i2c
    path: /dev/i2c-0
  i2c-1:
    interface: i2c
    path: /dev/i2c-1
  i2c-2:
    interface: i2c
    path: /dev/i2c-2
  spidev0:
    interface: spi
    path: /dev/spidev0.0
  spidev1:
    interface: spi
    path: /dev/spidev0.1
type: gadget

kernel snap

pi-kernel是kernel snap。 目录如下

可以看到这里包括了initrd和kernel镜像。
snapcraft.yaml 如下

name: pi-kernel
version: 5.4.0-1038.41
summary: The Canonical Raspberry Pi kernel
description: The Canonical Raspberry Pi kernel
type: kernel
confinement: strict
assumes:
  - kernel-assets


parts:
  kernel:
    source: git://git.launchpad.net/~canonical-kernel-snaps/+git/kernel-snaps-uc20
    source-type: git
    source-branch: master
    plugin: make
    make-parameters:
      - KERNEL_SOURCE=focal:linux-raspi
      - KERNEL=linux-image-raspi
      - PKGS=bluez-firmware linux-firmware-raspi2
      - PROPOSED=true
    build-packages:
      - debootstrap
      - lsb-release

core snap

core20是core snap， 为ubuntu cored的rootfs。可以看到根目录下的子项几乎都在这里。

snapcraft.yaml

name: core20
# version: "20"
adopt-info: bootstrap
summary: Runtime environment based on Ubuntu 20.04
description: |
  The base snap based on the Ubuntu 20.04 release.
confinement: strict
type: base
build-base: core20


parts:
  consoleconf-deb:
    plugin: nil
    source: https://github.com/CanonicalLtd/subiquity.git
    source-type: git
    source-branch: core/focal
    override-pull: |
      snapcraftctl pull
      # install build dependencies
      export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
      export DEBCONF_NONINTERACTIVE_SEEN=true
      sudo -E apt-get build-dep -y ./
    override-build: |
      # unset the LD_FLAGS and LD_LIBRARY_PATH vars that snapcraft sets for us
      # as those will point to the $SNAPCRAFT_STAGE which on re-builds will
      # contain things like libc and friends that confuse the debian package
      # build system
      # TODO: should we unset $PATH to not include $SNAPCRAFT_STAGE too?
      unset LD_FLAGS
      unset LD_LIBRARY_PATH
      # run the real build (but just build the binary package, and don't
      # bother compressing it too much)
      dpkg-buildpackage -b -uc -us -Zgzip -zfast
      cp ../console-conf_*.deb ../subiquitycore_*.deb $SNAPCRAFT_PART_INSTALL
    stage:
      - -console-conf_*.deb
      - -subiquitycore_*.deb
    # XXX: Dirty hacks to enable building core20 on non-focal systems.
    # See below for details.
    override-prime: |
      unset LD_LIBRARY_PATH;
      export PATH="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/snap/bin"
      # ensure snapcraftctl is found, see
      # https://github.com/snapcore/snapcraft/pull/2251
      export PATH="$PATH:/snap/snapcraft/current/bin/scriptlet-bin"
      snapcraftctl prime
  avahi-daemon-equiv-deb:
    plugin: nil
    build-packages:
      - equivs
    override-build: |
      cat > avahi-daemon.control << \EOF
      Section: misc
      Priority: optional
      Standards-Version: 3.9.2
      Architecture: all


      Package: avahi-daemon
      Version: 1000
      Multi-Arch: foreign
      Description: A dummy version of avahi-daemon


      EOF
      unset LD_FLAGS LD_LIBRARY_PATH
      equivs-build avahi-daemon.control
      cp avahi-daemon_*.deb $SNAPCRAFT_PART_INSTALL
    stage:
      - -avahi-daemon_*.deb
  bootstrap:
    after:
      - consoleconf-deb
      - avahi-daemon-equiv-deb
    plugin: make
    source: .
    build-packages:
      - shellcheck
      - wget
      - distro-info
    # XXX: Dirty hacks to enable building core20 on non-focal systems.
    # Without these overrides both the PATH and LD_LIBRARY_PATH contain paths
    # in the part's install directory which binaries can be incompatible with
    # the ones running on our system.  We don't need those while running stage
    # and prime anyway.
    override-pull: |
      unset LD_LIBRARY_PATH;
      snapcraftctl set-version "$(/bin/date +%Y%m%d)"
      snapcraftctl pull
    override-stage: |
      unset LD_LIBRARY_PATH;
      export PATH="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/snap/bin"
      # ensure snapcraftctl is found, see
      # https://github.com/snapcore/snapcraft/pull/2251
      export PATH="$PATH:/snap/snapcraft/current/bin/scriptlet-bin"
      snapcraftctl stage
    override-prime: |
      unset LD_LIBRARY_PATH;
      export PATH="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/snap/bin"
      # ensure snapcraftctl is found, see
      # https://github.com/snapcore/snapcraft/pull/2251
      export PATH="$PATH:/snap/snapcraft/current/bin/scriptlet-bin"
      snapcraftctl prime
      # ensure build-in tests are run
      cd ${SNAPCRAFT_PART_SRC} && make test TESTDIR=${SNAPCRAFT_PRIME}